Which dynasty used the most such a punishment as the Nine Clans?

I think it was used the most in the Qing Dynasty, because there were many TV dramas that talked about the Zhulian Nine Clans, and the TV series of the Qing Dynasty were the most, which was the most cruel criminal law of all punishments.

The Zhulian Nine Clans began in the Xia and Shang periods, and the punishment was extremely cruel, and in the Qin Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty changed the law, and the evolution of the Lianzao system made the Qin Dynasty the dynasty that used the most punishments of the Zhulian Nine Clans, and the Zhulian Nine Clans were slowly abolished in the later period.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was used more, and in the Qing Dynasty, this kind of criminal law was used more, because the Baguwen at that time killed many families, and one person made a mistake, resulting in the whole family being implicated, which was a very cruel criminal law.

In fact, the punishment of the Zhulian Nine Clans was relatively common in ancient times, but in my opinion, the Qin Dynasty used this punishment the most commonly, because Qin Shi Huang was a cruel person and wanted to strengthen his rule over the people.

The record of clan punishment was first mentioned in the "Book of Shang" from the Xia Dynasty, and then the Ming Dynasty formed the Zhulian Nine Clans, but the Qing Dynasty Zhulian Nine Clans used the most punishment, which was extremely cruel and miserable.

It is worth noting that it was neither Xia Wei nor Shang Xun who explicitly announced this barbaric punishment, but it was actually admired and emulated by the two later generations"Holy King": Xia Qi and Shang Tang, but the Ming Dynasty used it the most.

As far as I know, it seems that each dynasty has its own exclusive punishment, and the Zhulian Nine Clans seem to have originated from the Shang Tang dynasty, but you still have to search the Internet or look at the history books of high school.

<> the people who were connected to the nine tribes in history are: Miao Yu of the Qin Dynasty.

Chao Cuo of the Han Dynasty, Hu Jianmo Weiyong of the Ming Dynasty, Huo Guang of the Western Han Dynasty, and Sui Dynasty.

Yang Xuangan and Zhang Juzheng of the Ming Dynasty.

Wait; The more famous ones that were photographed by the people of the nine tribes are:

1, Yang Xuangan of the Sui Dynasty: Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty in the ninth year of the Great Cause.

During the conquest of Goguryeo, Situ Yangsu's eldest son Yang Xuangan raised an army against Yang Guang.

But in the end, after being defeated by the Sui army, Yang Xuangan asked his younger brother to kill Guess Liangxian himself, after the Sui army obtained the corpse, Yang Xuangan was divided into corpses, hung the city tower to show the public, and "sin and nine clans";

2, Huo Guang: After his death, he was connected to the nine clans, and in the second year after his death, the Huo family was punished by the clan for rebellion;

3, Hu Weiyong: Because of plotting with the imperial historian Chen Ning, Zhongcheng Tujie and others to cause trouble and poison Liu Ji.

and many other crimes were exposed, and thus Zhu Yuanzhang.

Zhulian Nine Clans.

The Zhulian Nine Clans are a kind of ancient punishment clans, and from the actual situation of the ancient clans, the ancient nine clans should include the father clan.

Fourth, the maternal family. 3. Wife and family 2. (The clan here refers to the immediate family and spouse) 1. Paternal clan four: refers to one's own clan. Married aunt and her son's family, married sister and nephew's family, married daughter and grandson's family.

2. Mother family three: refers to the maternal grandfather's family, the maternal grandmother's maiden family, the aunt and her son's family.

3. Wife family 2: refers to the father-in-law's family and the mother-in-law's maiden family.

The father's family is four (generations), the mother's family is three (generations), and the wife's family is two (generations), which is the nine clans.

The nine clans in history, which nine clans do they refer to?

Family, which indicates kinship. The saying of "nine tribes" was first seen in "Shu Yaodian": "To be close to the nine tribes." The nine tribes refer to different ways of saying it in the past, and there are two more popular sayings:

1) From one's own count, up to the great ancestor, down to the great-grandson, it is called the nine clans, specifically this refers to the nine generations of the great-grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather, father, son, grandson, great-grandson, and great-grandson. Zhu Di (Ming Chengzu), the king of Shi Zaiyan, led his troops into the Beijing division, and after seizing power, he ordered Fang Xiaoru to draft an edict for him. Fang Xiaoru did not listen and was killed.

At that time, 847 people were killed by Zhulian, and the nine tribes were exterminated. When the nine clans are destroyed, the dead should be split into coffins and whipped corpses.

2) refers to relatives with different surnames, that is, the fourth family of the father (four generations of his own family), the third family of the mother (three generations of the same family of the mother), and the second family of the wife (the second generation of the same family of the wife), so that a total of nine families.

Refers to the paternal family.

Fourth, the maternal family. 3. Wife and family 2.

1. Paternal family four: refers to one's own family. Married aunts and their sons, married sisters and nephews, married daughters and grandchildren.

2. Maternal family 3: refers to the maternal grandfather's family, maternal grandmother's maiden family, aunt and her son.

3. Wife family 2: refers to the father-in-law's family and the mother-in-law's maiden family.

great-grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather, father, body, son, grandson, great-grandson, great-grandson.

The nine clans in history, which nine clans do they refer to?

The concept of clan punishment had various interpretations in ancient times, mainly divided into three clans and nine clans.

The three tribes, one said"Parents, brothers, wives": One says yes"Father's family, mother's family, wife's family"In the end, the ancients also had disagreements about it.

The former is now generally considered to be more accurate.

Because of the so-called in antiquity"Yi three tribes", in itself, is a very arbitrary punishment.

On the one hand, this arbitrariness is manifested in the object, and it is difficult to have a uniform standard for what kind of crime is applicable to the clan punishment. Rulers are also reluctant to formulate uniform standards for their application, but rather deliberate on the whims of the whim. As long as the supreme ruler thinks that the crime is so heinous that he will want to put it to death, and the crime that will be killed and then quickly followed, it may become the target of ethnic punishment.

Arbitrariness, on the other hand, is manifested in scope. The use of clan punishment to punish serious crimes is intended to cut down the roots and set an example to others, and the law does not pre-delineate the scope, so that the ruler can make different choices for different cases and people.

In this sense, the triad may be"Parents, brothers, wives"、It could also be"Father's family, mother's family, wife's family"。We might as well consider the former in the strict sense and the latter in the extended sense. As for"Nine Clans", there are also different theories, or sayings"From Gaozu, down to Yuansun, all nine clans"：

Or rather"The Nine Clans, the Fathers.

Fourth, the maternal family. 3. Wife and family 2. "(See Shen Jiaben: "Criminal Law Examination of the Past Dynasties and Criminal System Examination"). In fact, the nine clans should be a fictitious name.

In our culture,"Nine"is the highest number.

Therefore, the theory of the nine clans may not be implemented one by one, but a general inclusion of all the clans and clans that are related to them. In ancient times, the punishment of the nine clans was often inflicted on major political crimes, and once the prison was refined, as long as they were related to the criminal, they would be innocent.

The most extreme, of course"Ten Clans"is a special case.

It is said to be special because this appalling atrocity is a special case in a long history of antiquity, a special case that happened to a special person in a special period and for a special reason. The protagonist of this tragedy was Fang Xiaoru, a giant in the early Ming Dynasty.

During the reign of Emperor Hui of the Ming Dynasty, Fang Xiaoru became famous for majoring in important classics such as "Taizu Records" and "Class Essentials".

Unexpectedly, the Xiao wall was caused by the disaster, and the king of Yan took it"Qingjun side"This ancient excuse raised troops to the south, and finally overthrew Emperor Hui and established himself as the emperor, which was for the Ming Dynasty. In order to correct the name of the world, the usurper wanted to draft the edict of ascending to the pole in the name of Fang Xiaoru.

Unexpectedly, Fang Xiaoru was loyal and righteous, and refused to cooperate in the spirit of not doing anything to the two masters, and"The big book number, put pen on the ground, said: 'Death is death, edict must not be grassed!' ’\"Cheng Zu threatened:

You don't care about the nine clans? "Fang Xiaoru said resolutely"Ten tribes, what can I do?

Cheng Zu was furious, and he ignored it"Kill filial piety, and the seeds of reading in the world will be extinct"The exhortation of several of his protégés and his nine clans was punished"Ten Clans"It is said that there were more than 800 victims, which can be described as the pinnacle of ethnic punishment, fully exposing the ** nature of the ancient rulers (see Ming History Chronicle, Volume 18).

The narrative is different. One is said to be from the great-grandfather to the great-great-grandson, that is, the great-grandson, great-grandson, grandson, son, body, father, grandfather, great-grandfather, great-grandfather; One says that it is the paternal family.

Fourth, the maternal family. 3. The second family of the wife and the fourth family of the father refer to the son of the aunt (the child of the aunt), the son of the sister (nephew), the son of the daughter (grandson), and the same clan (parents, brothers, sisters, children); The third maternal family refers to the mother's father (maternal grandfather), the mother's mother (maternal grandmother), and the mother and son (maternal uncle); The second wife refers to the father-in-law and mother-in-law.

It has been a long time since his generation

In ancient times, the crime was related to the nine tribes, and who are the nine tribes? Which nine tribes are included in the "Zhulian Nine Clans"? The actual extent of the implication is unimaginable!

In fact, there are many interpretations of this concept in ancient times, such as the "three tribes" and the "nine tribes": "three tribes", one is "parents, brothers, wives"; Another way to put it is:

Father's family, mother's family, wife's familyThe ancients also had differences between these two statements. Nowadays, most people agree with the former statement.

As for the "nine tribes", there are also different opinions and statements. One saying is: "From Gaozu, down to Yuansun, all nine clans"; Another way to put it is:

The Nine Clans, the Fathers.

Fourth, the maternal family. 3. Wife and family two" (Shen Jiaben, "Criminal Law Examination of the Past Dynasties and Criminal System Examination").

Among them, "the four fathers" refer to: 1their own family, young and old; 2.

the married aunt and her son's family, young and old; 3.married sisters and nephews, young and old; 4.The married daughter and grandson are all young and old.

"Matriarch three" refers to: 1Refers to the mother's father's (maternal grandfather's) family; 2.

Mother's maiden (maternal grandmother) family; 3.Mother's siblings (aunts, uncles) and her sons. "Wife two" refers to:

1.refers to the father-in-law's whole family, young and old; 2.Mother-in-law's mother-in-law's family is young and old.

It can be seen that the "Zhujiu Clan" is a very heavy punishment, and the reason why so many people are implicated is to cut down the grass and eradicate the roots and eliminate all possible revenge forces, so as to avoid future troubles. That, of course, is "rather wrong** than missing*.

So why do the "Nine Tribes" have different statements? How does it work in practice? In the actual cases of Chinese history, the "nine ethnic groups" are often a kind of "false name".

In traditional culture, "nine" represents the highest number. Therefore, the term "nine clans" does not refer to the actual term, but actually refers to all the clans and their branches that are related to each other.

To put it bluntly, as long as the three generations of the same generation are related to each other, even close friends will be innocently linked.

Feudal rulers were also reluctant to formulate completely clear and unified scope and standards, which would help them to have more power to interpret their discourse. Whatever you want, whatever you want. As long as there are hidden dangers, they must be cleaned up and cut the grass and eradicate the roots.

The Criminal Law Examination of the Past Dynasties said that the nine clans are "four fathers, three mothers, and two wives", the real nine clans are not so exquisite, nine is an imaginary number, in ancient times, nine generally refers to the highest, the so-called "nine is the extreme number", and the meaning of the nine clans is to leave all the relatives of the offender and kill them all.

The nine clans refer to their own family, the aunt and son who marry, the sister and nephew who marry, the daughter and grandson who marry, the maternal grandfather's family, the maternal grandmother's maiden family, the aunt and son, the father-in-law's family, and the mother-in-law's maternal family.

The "nine clans" refer to four generations of the father's family, three generations of the mother's family, and two generations of the wife's family. The four generations of the father's family are the father's grandfather, father, and his own sons and grandchildren, the three generations of the mother's family refer to his maternal grandfather, uncle, and mother herself, and the two generations of the wife's family refer to the wife's parents, as well as the wife's mother's parents.

The nine tribes include fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters of parents, brothers and sisters of oneself, one's own wives, and brothers and sisters of one's own wives.

There are four generations of the father's family, three generations of the mother's family and two generations of the wife's family. This includes fathers' grandfathers, fathers, sons and grandchildren, maternal grandfathers, uncles or uncles, and mothers. It also includes the wife's parents and the wife's mother's parents.