The main methods of exploratory research are which research methods are prospective research

There are mainly investigative research, relational research, and developmental research. There are three commonly used methods, namely, by referring to the literature; Surveys and interviews with people with practical experience; Analyze instructive cases or conduct local pilot studies.

Exploratory research refers to a research method used when the researcher is not clear about the scope and concept of the research topic, is not familiar with the internal relationship of the research object, cannot determine the hypothesis and research direction, lacks the research information and theories of predecessors, and cannot propose specific methods to conduct precise research. This type of research requires the collection of a variety of preparatory information on the entire spectrum of the topic, the exploration and formulation of hypotheses about the research topic, or the preparation of intensive analytical research on one or more aspects of the phenomenon. Its main purpose is to provide a basis and guidance for future rigorous research.

The basic purpose of exploratory research is to provide information to help the researcher recognize and understand the problem at hand. It is often used to help the researcher define the problem more precisely, to help determine the relevant course of action, or to obtain more relevant information before a more formal survey.

The information required for this stage is not precisely defined, and the research process is flexible and unstructured. For example, consulting with industry experts is an exploratory study. The sample size is generally small and not very representative.

Raw data is generally qualitative. The results of exploratory research are generally only experimental, temporary, or as a starting point for further research.

Descriptive research: Describe only one event or current situation, which cannot be used as direct evidence for analysis, and the purpose is to put forward a hypothesis and provide reference for further analytical research. There is no control group, which can be said to be prospective or retrospective.

The strength of the argument is weak and the reproducibility is poor.

Cross-sectional studies: studies the relationship between relevant variables and diseases or events in a specific population at a specific time and in a specific space. The results of the study only provide hypotheses for risk studies.

3.Observational study: No human intervention was applied to the subjects during the study. Based on their own clinical experience, they have discovered and summarized original research on certain rules in clinical practice.

4.Case reports and case series: Medical reports that record and describe one or two or more cases in an attempt to provide first-hand information on the presentation, mechanism, and diagnosis of the disease**. This is the first choice for many novices to get started with clinical research.

Exploratory research often uses the following research methods.

Consult the literature. That is, to find, browse, and read various books and literature related to a new topic or phenomenon, and to summarize and summarize these materials.

Ask an expert. That is, to consult with those who are interested in the field, who are familiar with the situation, who have first-hand information, talk to them, ask them for advice, and increase the research of experts to increase the researcher's understanding of the research topic.

Field trips. That is, researchers conduct in-depth field observations and interviews, often selecting some typical situations and using participatory observation, unstructured interviews, etc.

Descriptive research methods mainly include observation and investigation.

Literature research method is a method to obtain information by investigating literature according to a certain research purpose or topic, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand and grasp the research problem. The literature research method is widely used in a variety of disciplines. Its functions are:

Able to understand the history and current status of the problem and help determine the research topic.

It forms a general impression of the subject of the study, which facilitates observation and visiting.

Comparative data that can be obtained from real-world data.

It helps to understand the whole picture of things.

Correct answer: a, c

Analysis: Descriptive research methods mainly include observation and investigation.

Descriptive research methods include:

a.Census. b.Screening.

c.Sampling survey.

d.Cohort surveys.

Answer. a,b,c

Observational method. Through observation, sometimes referred to as a site survey, researchers are able to closely observe the behavior of humans and animals. Observational methods can be divided into two main categories:

1. Natural observation method; 2. Laboratory research. The biggest advantage of using the nature observation method in research is that the researcher can observe the subject in the natural environment.

in the behavior. Therefore, the natural validity of the method will be higher than that of laboratory studies.

The so-called natural validity, i.e., how well the study matches the reality of the situation. Proponents of laboratory research argue that the results obtained in laboratory studies are more meaningful than those obtained by natural observation, because more control variables can be set in laboratory studies.

In addition, laboratory research is more time- and cost-effective than natural observation. Of course, both of these methods are extremely important for the advancement of scientific research.

Case study method.

The case study method requires an in-depth study of the individual or group. The hypotheses established in such methods are often reproducibly tested and help us study rare phenomena. However, case studies should not be used for causal analysis, as such methods are of limited use for accuracy.

Investigative Method. In this method, participants participate in the survey through questions from a questioner or questionnaire. After the participants answered the questions, the investigators described the responses.

If you want to improve the reliability and validity of the survey, the most important thing is to organize the questions involved in the survey reasonably, and the questions should be written in an easy-to-understand manner.

A foreign food industry group intends to develop the domestic instant noodle market, so it selects several cities in different regions of China's mainland to conduct exploratory research on potential consumers. They designate six groups of 10 persons each, three for each sex, according to age and sex, one of which is a juvenile group, one is an adult group under 30 years of age and the other is an adult group of adults over 30 years old. In view of the fact that there is no macro ambiguity in the instant noodle market research, the main purpose of the researcher is to clarify some issues in terms of product concept and consumer behavior, so as to lay a good foundation for the sample establishment and questionnaire design of the next stage of descriptive research.

In this exploratory research project, the investigators used a combination of focus groups and questionnaires.

For the participants in the symposium, there is no probability selection, in order to save the cost of research, as long as they meet the age and gender requirements. Since the instant noodles were to be tasted after the symposium, and the instant noodles were freshly cooked and served with soup, the symposium rented a small conference hall in the hotel, so that the kitchen conditions could be used.

The discussion outline of the symposium focused on living habits, commodity information acquisition and purchase decisions, product concepts, taste reactions, product comic reactions, and other contents. At the end of the discussion, participants were asked to fill out a "background material questionnaire", which focused on gender, age, place of origin, marital status, children, family income, food purchase behavior, etc. After the questionnaire was returned, participants were invited to taste the instant noodles prepared with three kinds of soup ingredients.

Before the first type of noodles is served, participants are asked to read the "Product Concept" paragraph of the questionnaire, and sell a few questions according to their usual habits after reading and Liang Nian, and then serve them for easy interviews. After the tasting, follow the questions in the lower part of the same questionnaire. Clause.

2. The procedures for tasting and surveying the third type of noodles are the same as above.

The fact that the researchers conducted such a deliberate exploratory survey shows that they have a serious and scientific attitude towards this research project, and of course, it is also related to the amount of funds at their disposal. Although they are Chinese in Hong Kong, they feel that many concepts may not be exactly the same as those used in the mainland, so it is still necessary to clarify some concepts through exploratory investigations, so as to avoid conceptual errors in the descriptive investigation of rash operations. The results of the focus group showed that their fears were not unfounded.