The stages and characteristics of the development of China s modern national industry

The tortuous development of China's modern national industry:1Westernization movement.

By the end of the Qing Dynasty, some national industries sprouted, but these national industries were often hindered by the feudal system and were difficult to survive and develop.2Revolution.

The results of the attack on the feudal system made the national bourgeoisie once inspired3World War I.

During this period, the imperialist countries were busy with the war and temporarily relaxed the plundering of China's economy, and China's national industry got an opportunity to develop and entered the "** era". 4.After the First World War, the resurgence of imperialist economic power, especially the aggression of Japanese imperialism, caused another setback to the national industry5

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, due to the Kuomintang.

The civil war and the oppression of bureaucratic capitalism, the national industry did not recover well.

Characteristics of China's modern national industrial development: 1"Survive and develop in the cracks of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism." 2.Comparatively lagging behind 3Concentrated in the light industry sector 3There is an imbalance in development between regions.

1.Produced: sixties and seventies of the 19th century.

2.Initial development: end of the 19th century.

3.Further development: early 20th century.

4.Demise: 1956

Socialist.

Characteristics: Distributed in the eastern coastal region.

Heavy industry has a weak base.

The living environment is harsh--- semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

Bourgeois political duplicity.

After the Industrial Revolution, trains and ships were introduced to China, after the Second Industrial Revolution, the introduction of cable telegraphs, photography and films, the emergence of newspapers and publishing in China, and the changes in Chinese social customs after the Xinhai Revolution. The tortuous development of China's modern national industry, the emergence of modern transportation and communication in China, and the changes in cultural life have brought about changes in social customs.

2.The development of the economic structure is uneven.

Phase II: Initial development. Time 1895--1911 Reason: 1Economic aggression by the Great Powers (mainly in the export of capital) 2Qing ** relaxed restrictions on private factories.

2 (main reason) The imperialist countries were busy with the First World War and relaxed their aggression against China.

3.Mass anti-imperialist patriotic movements (e.g. May Fourth).

4.The rise of the trend of thought of industrial salvation and driven by interests.

The fourth stage is late: rapid development. 1927-1936 Causes: 1The "National Economic Construction Movement" of the people

2.The country is basically unified (stable development environment).

The fifth stage: Sakura seeps a major blow and shrinks: 1937-19451Plundered by the Japanese army.

2.Crowding out bureaucratic capital.

Stage 6: Desperate situation. 1945--1949

1.War devastation.

2.Economic aggression by the United States.

3.Crowding out bureaucratic capital.

4.** Excessive taxes.

Summary. Modern China lacks the primitive accumulation of capital, also lacks a modern investment method, and does not have a solid economic foundation, so the national industry can only start with light industry with little investment, short cycle, and quick results. Therefore, the early Chinese national industry was basically light industry.

The geographical distribution is uneven. In the early days, national industries were mainly concentrated in large coastal cities. Because these cities were areas where foreign capitalism invaded earlier, the feudal natural economy was the first to disintegrate; In addition, treaty ports are convenient for export and transportation, and easy to obtain foreign raw materials and technical equipment.

Characteristics: The development of light and heavy industries is unbalanced.

Modern China lacks the primitive accumulation of capital, also lacks a modern investment method, and does not have a solid economic foundation, so the national industry can only start from the light industry with little investment, short cycle and quick results. Therefore, the early Chinese national industry was basically light industry. The regional distribution is uneven.

In the early days, the national industry was mainly concentrated in the coastal city of Chunqin. Because these cities were areas where foreign capitalism invaded earlier, the feudal natural economy was the first to disintegrate; In addition, treaty ports are convenient for export and transportation, and easy to obtain foreign raw materials and technical equipment.