What is the essential difference between official kilns and private kilns?

The official kiln originated from the Tang Dynasty and has two meanings, one refers to the tribute vessel and the other refers to the official factory. From the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty (8th century AD and 14th century), there were many tribute vessels in official kilns, and few official factories, which took the form of "official prison and people burning", and the porcelain fired was "selected ten out of a thousand, and one out of a hundred", and paid tribute to the ruling class. This kind of porcelain is called tribute porcelain and official kiln.

At that time, the Tang Dynasty had a secretary in the porcelain-producing area, such as Chu Sui in the early Tang Jinglong period (707-709 AD) as the secretary of Xinping (Jingdezhen), and was edicted to burn the sacrificial vessels. In the Song Dynasty, there were supervisors, such as the Taiping Xingguo period (976-983 AD), and Zhao Renji was sent to supervise the kiln affairs in Yuezhou. In the Yuan Dynasty, a bureau was set up to raise the supervision of Tao, and later changed to the head of the department.

The porcelain of the "Jingde Year System" and "Shufu" that they fired were respectively called "Jingde Kiln", "Shufu Kiln" and so on.

The Ming Dynasty (14th century A.D. and 17th century) adopted the form of 'government-run private burning', and began to have official factories to burn tribute-paying porcelain. For example, in Jingdezhen, there is a royal ware factory, a special factory official, the funds come from the locality, the servants are served, and more than 50 kilns are set up, which are specially fired to make the imperial vessels, that is, the tribute vessels. The Qing Dynasty was different from the Ming Dynasty in that it adopted a compromise form of 'official and private burning'.

Its products are divided into two categories: "Qin Limit" and "Ministry Limit", the former is for the emperor, and the latter is for the imperial court and diplomatic protocol.

The folk kiln is for the official kiln. Broadly speaking, all porcelain kilns and their products that are not operated by the government and are commercially produced are private kilns.

The history of the folk kiln is much earlier than that of the official kiln, and ceramics were produced in the people, and by the Tang Dynasty, porcelain became one of the important export commodities, exported to India, Egypt and Persia. According to research, Tang Sancai, Yue kiln celadon and Xingyao white porcelain have been excavated in these areas. Folk kilns have developed greatly here, and have the nature of commodity production.

After the Tang Dynasty, there were many kilns from all over the country, competing with each other, and there was often a trend of short supply. Among them, the Song Dynasty has Jun kiln, Ru kiln, Ding kiln. Zhang Shengyi's brother kiln "pattern porcelain" and Zhang Shenger's brother kiln (Longquan celadon) and so on.

During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the development of folk kilns was relatively fast, and the number of folk kilns in Jingdezhen alone increased to as many as 300. At this time, the folk kiln completely belonged to the nature of commodity production, and the proportion of the private kiln in output was much larger than that of the official kiln, and there was also a certain development in quality. In the Qing Dynasty, the folk kiln had an overwhelming advantage, and the official kiln porcelain was also produced by the folk kiln.

1. The period of appearance is different.

The official kiln first originated in the Tang Dynasty, and the government-run porcelain appeared during the Five Dynasties; In the Tang Dynasty, there was a secretary appointed to supervise the court and migrant workers to fire porcelain in the porcelain-producing area. The period of the emergence of the folk kiln is much earlier than the official kiln, and the ceramics were first produced in the folk, that is, the ceramics produced before the kiln factory formulated by the first are from the folk kiln.

2. The nature of the business is different.

The nature of the operation of official kilns is generally a kiln factory run by the government or managed and supervised by the government. Compared with the official kiln, the nature of the operation of the private kiln is that it is set up spontaneously by the people, and has no official background or is restricted by the government.

3. The use of the product is different.

The products produced by the official kilns are generally exclusively for the imperial court and official use. The products produced by the kiln are mainly used in the domestic and foreign markets, and are mainly characterized by commodity.

4. The scale of development is different.

The proportion of the private kiln in the output is much larger than that of the official kiln, and in the Qing Dynasty, the private kiln occupied an overwhelming advantage, and the official kiln porcelain was also produced by the private kiln.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Official Kiln.

Encyclopedia - Folk kiln.

What is the difference between <> official kiln and private kiln? Why is the official kiln more expensive than the Yulupi kiln? The porcelain produced by the official kiln is called "official kiln porcelain".

"Official kiln porcelain" is divided into two categories, in a narrow sense, it refers to the monopoly of the imperial court, and the special kiln is burned, and in the broad sense, the standard is set by the imperial court, and the kiln is not limited, that is, the kiln can also be burned, and finally the imperial court sends a special person to accept it according to the unified standard, and the qualified person is uniformly procured, also known as the official kiln porcelain. Ji Gu Zhai collection Ju He Tang Huang Di Hua Shou Peach.

The pattern of the water bowl kiln, literally can be understood, this is the kiln mouth taken care of by the common people, and most of the porcelain produced is used for business and sales to make a living. The porcelain produced in the folk kiln is called"Passengers and cargo"The style is far from the official kiln porcelain, except for some restrictions on the production of ornaments and utensils, the subject matter is more abundant, and the brush is free and unrestrained.

Northern song dynasty. The production of official kilns is different from the large demand for high-quality porcelain by the Northern Song Dynasty royal family. However, because the relationship between cost and profit should be considered in ordinary kilns, even the tribute porcelain that is specially paid tribute cannot meet the large needs of the court in terms of quality and quantity.

Therefore, in order to ensure the quality and quantity of the tribute imperial porcelain, the official kiln that can be controlled by the government and control the output, quality and quantity naturally came into being. 2. The purpose of the production of the official kiln in the Song Dynasty is to meet the needs of the royal family, so the porcelain of the official kiln must not only be produced in strict accordance with the design, but also the quality of the product must be kept improving. The cost of glaze raw materials alone is different from ordinary private kilns.

The study and collection of porcelain should be considered from a historical point of view, to see whether the porcelain represents the peak of that historical era, whether it is a representative work of that era, and the work is based on the work, not on the origin.

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Whether it is a private kiln or an official kiln, their appearance represents the process technology of an era.

and social development, which has united the Chinese nation.

The journey of the heart records the Chinese civilization.

The philosophical connotation and cultural essence of China are the indelible great achievements of China for thousands of years.

People may have many different opinions about the difference between "official kiln" and "private kiln", but in fact, they are not ruined manuscript is a concept. In fact, there is a big difference between the two, and the porcelain produced in the ancient porcelain kiln is very precious, and the official kiln porcelain is also precious! So what is the difference between official kilns and private kilns?

What are the processes they pay attention to in the firing process? Let's find out!

In the official kiln, the porcelain that is most popular with people is naturally the Ru kiln burned by Emperor Qianlong, and the most popular porcelain in the folk kiln is naturally the most famous porcelain in Jingdezhen. So in between, both are known for their ancient Chinese porcelain. But in fact, there will be a big difference between the two, because at that time, the official kiln also represented the cultural atmosphere of a dynasty!

Therefore, in the eyes of many people, as long as the official kiln porcelain can be used as tributary porcelain, its value must be very high.

The glaze of the official kiln porcelain is very bright and rich. The glaze is made up of various metallic elements, among which the copper content is particularly high, so it is also very attractive. The porcelain tire of the official kiln is generally made by the "nail support" process with a relatively high copper content, but because it will affect the aesthetics and quality of the finished product fired by the porcelain.

Because it contains a large amount of copper, it produces a very strong oxidizing atmosphere during the firing process, so it mainly presents a very beautiful color, which is also used by many people to make tableware and small pieces of furniture. In general, the official kiln products do not contain any metal elements. At the same time, it will be fired many times, so it can achieve so perfection, so it has very high artistic value and ornamental value.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jingdezhen porcelain industry occupies an important position in the history of Chinese ceramics. The production of ceramics requires a certain level of craftsmanship, and in the development process of the porcelain industry, it has formed its own unique process model, which represents the highest level of craftsmanship in Chinese ceramics! At the same time, Chinese ceramic technology is also through countless potters, exquisite and skilled techniques and techniques to form a unique artistic style!

Such a level of craftsmanship makes Jingdezhen porcelain industry form a unique cultural and artistic style, and the characteristics of ceramic culture and art are also determined by the development of Jingdezhen ceramic technology! And it is very different from the official kiln in terms of ceramic technology! However, the porcelain produced by the people did not have this effect.

So, why is it that the same porcelain, the official kiln porcelain is more valuable than the private kiln porcelain? This is because the official kiln porcelain was specially fired by the imperial court, so he also has a high collection value. Moreover, the official kiln porcelain itself must also be fired by a machine during the firing process, so its cost will be very high!

Moreover, the porcelain that has been fired is perfect in both appearance and texture, and it is also known as "natural beauty"! However, it is precisely because the cost of official kiln porcelain is higher, so the value created by it and private kiln porcelain is also greater, so there is a big difference between the two.

The difference is that the official kiln is more refined and the craftsmanship is better than the private kiln, so it is more expensive.

The status of the official kiln is relatively high, and the basic reform is mainly used by the nobles of the emperor's world, but the folk songs are generally established by many rich people, and the official kiln spends more thoughts.

During the Tang Dynasty, the official kiln appeared, and the official kiln at that time referred to the official factory and tribute vessels, which were produced in the form of official supervision and private firing, and the porcelain was fired, and thousands of selections were selected.

10. One out of 100 is selected to pay tribute to the ruling class, and the selected porcelain is called official kiln or tribute porcelain. The folk kiln is relative to the official kiln, and in a broad sense, it is operated by the non-government government, and the production is mainly commercial porcelain for the use of the common people.

The difference between a private kiln and an official kiln is:

The official kiln was built and fired under the auspices of the government, and all the actions of the army were based on serving the imperial palace. The official kiln can also forcibly possess high-quality porcelain clay and raw materials, labor the world's skilled craftsmen, and control the glaze and porcelain-making technology, strictly prohibit the people to imitate, regardless of the production cost, the production technology is exquisite, representing the country's most divine or high porcelain technology level at that time. Every operation link strives to achieve excellence.

The folk kiln mainly serves the common people, and according to the different needs of the market, they choose the appropriate place to produce and sell all kinds of porcelain by themselves. At present, most of the kilns found in Longquan are mainly private kilns, which have strong subjective arbitrariness in all aspects such as modeling, structure, materials, and messy timbering.

1. The official kiln was built and presided over by the government, and all actions were based on serving the imperial palace. The official kiln can also forcibly possess high-quality porcelain clay and raw materials, enslave the world's skilled craftsmen, and control the glaze and porcelain-making technology, strictly prohibit the people to imitate, regardless of the production cost, the production technology is exquisite, representing the highest level of porcelain-making technology in the country at that time. Every operation link strives to achieve excellence.

2. The kiln mainly serves the ordinary people, and selects the appropriate place to produce and sell all kinds of porcelain according to the different needs of the market. At present, most of the kilns that have been found in Longquan are mainly folk kilns, which have strong subjective arbitrariness in all aspects such as modeling, structure, materials, and materials.

1. Different properties: the official kiln refers to the porcelain fired by some kilns for the court during the Gaozong period of the Southern Song Dynasty, while the folk kiln is the folk porcelain kiln, which is unofficially operated and is a porcelain kiln based on commercial production. 2. Different periods:

The official kiln first originated in the Tang Dynasty, and the period when the private kiln appeared was much earlier than the official kiln. 3. Different uses: the products produced by the official kiln are generally specially supplied to the imperial court and the government, while the products produced by the private kiln are mainly used in the domestic and foreign markets, and are mainly characterized by commodity.

The official kiln originated from the Tang Dynasty and has two meanings, one refers to the tribute vessel and the other refers to the official factory. From the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, there were many tribute vessels in the official kilns, and there were few official factories, and the form adopted was "official prison and people burning", and the porcelain fired was "selected ten out of a thousand, and one out of a hundred" was paid tribute to the ruling class. This kind of porcelain is called tribute porcelain and official kiln.

The products of the folk kiln are called passengers and goods, and the style is very different from the official kiln, except for some patterns and vessel types that restrict the production, it can be said that the shape and decorative themes of the porcelain of the folk kiln are more abundant and free.

Jingdezhen in the Ming Dynasty has a large number of kilns, is the main body of China's ceramic kilns, the thickness of its products, is not much inferior to the official kiln. The more famous ones are Cizhou kiln, Cuigong kiln, Zhou Gong kiln, Hugong kiln, Xiaonan kiln and so on.