How do you estimate valuation? How to calculate the valuation

The valuation is calculated by multiplying the average P/E ratio by the company's net profit over the next 12 months, in two ways:

1. P/E ratio valuation method. First of all, the price-to-earnings ratio (PE) in ** is the ratio of the market in ** to earnings per share (EPS) in ** market capitalization, and the price-earnings ratio = earnings per share. The P/E valuation method is a relative valuation method.

The higher the P/E ratio, the more optimistic there are in the market and only buy it. This kind of **because the stock price is continuous** makes the valuation also rise, then the risk will increase. Theoretically, the P/E ratio:

Less than 15 is undervalued, 15-25 is normal, and 25-40 is overvalued. There is a speculative bubble greater than 40, and the industry and market should actually be considered.

2. Price-to-book ratio valuation method. First of all, the price-to-book ratio (PB) refers to the ratio of the market to the net assets per share, and the price-to-book ratio = the market per share and the net assets per share. The price-to-book ratio estimation method is a relative valuation method.

Generally, the price-to-book ratio of ** is more than 8 times in the high range, the price-to-book ratio is in the middle range before 8-3, and the price-earnings ratio is below 3 in the low range. There are a small number of excellent listed companies with a high price-to-book ratio, which is also a reasonable stage.

The valuation is estimated by combining several indicators, and the specific operation is more complicated, which can be described in detail below

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There are a variety of estimation methods, most of which are discounted cash flow methods, and some use customer value.

How is the valuation of a listed company calculated?

Asset valuation belongs to the category of asset valuation, and there are generally three methods: replacement cost method, market method, and income method.

1. Replacement cost method. Multiply the rate of renewal of the asset being valued, based on the current need to purchase a new asset of the same type**.

2. Market law. The market value of the asset being valued. (There are many references in the existing market, and you can choose 3-5 references, such as second-hand cars, second-hand houses, etc.) If it is a listed company**, it can be calculated at the market price. ）

3. Income method. This method can be applied to accurately predict the return that the valued asset will bring to the owner in the next 5-10 years. For example: stable business, real estate for rent, shops for business, etc. ）

The valuation is based on a certain estimate of the listed company's old funds and liabilities, which is reflected in the price-earnings ratio. =**P/E Ratio Profit for the coming year. If the ** company is valued, it is judged whether the ** has investment value.

There is no accurate standard for valuation, and investors can only use the price-to-earnings ratio to judge whether the valuation is high or low. When the ** valuation is higher than the industry appraisal value, it means that the investment is risky at this time; When it is lower than the appraised value, it means that the probability of profit is high at this time.

What is valuation.

Valuation refers to the process of value of an enterprise when evaluating an asset item, and refers to the course levy** or tax paid ** for which tariffs are levied according to the course. And estimated to the expected goal. Due to the influence of uncertain factors such as industry characteristics, development stage, and market environment, the valuation methods of enterprises are also different.

If a company wants to establish a long-term financial system that specializes in investment and financial investment, it can use the Monte Carlo method, etc.

Business valuations are usually calculated based on future cash flows** and an assessment of risk. The following is a commonly used valuation method:

First of all, to determine the future cash flow of the enterprise, you can make a reasonable decision on the cash flow in the next few years by analyzing factors such as the historical cash flow and market trends of the enterprise.

Next, select the appropriate discount rate and discount future cash flows back to the present value to obtain the net present value.

The net present value is weighted average to account for future cash flow trends to obtain the present value of the net present value.

Present value adjustments are made to account the financial and risk profile of the business, such as outstanding debt, taxes, balance sheet structure, industry and market competition.

Finally, the adjusted present value of the net present value is used as an estimate of the value of the enterprise.

It should be noted that the calculation method of enterprise valuation is not a fixed model, and the specific calculation method will vary depending on factors such as the industry, the characteristics of the enterprise, the development stage and the market environment, so it is recommended that several valuation methods can be used for cross-validation when valuing the enterprise, so as to evaluate the value of the enterprise as accurately as possible. At the same time, it is also advisable to seek the help of a professional financial and investment consulting firm to ensure the reliability of the valuation results. If you have any questions about the valuation of your company's assets or your company's assets, you can ask questions or ask for third-party appraisal consultation.

Calculation method:First, calculate the company's current net profit, and then calculate the company's future net profit more realistically, and use the company's future net profit to compare with the current net profit to estimate a premium. Then add the premium value to the company's current net profit by a number x, divide the amount you want to raise by x, and you can get a percentage, which is the proportion of shares that should be given to investors.

At present, the annual income is 12 million, the expenditure is 1.5 million, and the net profit is 10.5 million, because the income can reach 30 million in the next 3 years, and the expenditure can be maintained at about 2.5 million, so the valuation will be at a premium, and the valuation is about 15 million. If you want to raise 2 million, then you need about 13% equity.