What are the specific aspects of the changes in the new accounting standards regarding the asset sta

1. Changes in assets.

1) Added some report items.

The non-current assets in the old standard include 14 items such as long-term equity investment (excluding the total and total items in the statement), while the new standard is 17 items, and 7 statement items are added in the new standard: "available financial assets", "investment real estate", "long-term receivables", "long-term receivables", "productive biological assets", "gasoline assets", "development expenditures" and "goodwill".

2) Some report items have been reduced.

The current assets in the old standard include 13 items such as monetary funds, while in the new standard, there are 11 items, and the items of "subsidy receivable" and "expenses to be amortized" are deleted.

3) The name of some projects has changed, and the content has also changed.

a. The "deferred income tax debit" in the old standard reflects the temporal difference between the accounting and tax laws that have not yet been resold and determined by the enterprise in accordance with the requirements of the profit and loss statement debt method. In the new standard, the item will be changed to "deferred tax assets" to reflect the temporary differences between the accounting and tax laws that have not yet been resold and calculated in accordance with the requirements of the balance sheet debt method.

b. In the new standard, "short-term investment" is changed to "trading financial assets", which not only changes the name of the statement item, but also changes its measurement method. In the old standard, "short-term investments" were measured at the lower of cost and market value, while in the new standard, "trading assets" are measured at fair value.

c. The item of "long-term debt investment" in the old standard reflects the recoverable amount of various debt investments that the enterprise is not prepared to realize within one year. As a result of the introduction of the Financial Instruments Standards, accounting issues related to the recognition, measurement and disclosure of long-term debt investments are regulated by the Financial Instruments Standards, and long-term debt investments are reclassified into trading financial assets, held-to-maturity investments and available Chushou2 financial assets according to the classification standards for financial instruments. Therefore, in the new standard, the item of "long-term debt investment" in the old standard is changed to "trading financial assets", "held-to-maturity investment" and "available** financial assets" respectively.

It can be seen that not only the name of the statement item has changed, but also the content of its disclosure.

d. The item of "long-term debt investment due within one year" in the old standard is changed to "non-current assets due within one year" in the new standard, which includes the part of assets such as long-term receivables, held-to-maturity investments, and long-term amortized expenses that will mature or be amortized within one year.

A change in accounting policy refers to the act of changing an accounting policy from the original accounting policy to another accounting policy for the same transaction or event. Changes in accounting policies include the measurement of the cost of inventory issued, the subsequent measurement of long-term equity investments, the initial measurement of fixed assets, the recognition of intangible assets, etc.?

A change in accounting policy refers to the act of changing an accounting policy from the original accounting policy to another accounting policy for the same transaction or event. Changes in accounting policies include the measurement of the cost of inventories issued, the subsequent measurement of long-term equity investments, the initial measurement of fixed assets, the recognition of intangible assets, the subsequent measurement of investment real estate, the measurement of the exchange of non-monetary assets, the recognition of income, the treatment of borrowing costs and the consolidation policy.

What are the characteristics of a change in accounting policy?

1. For the same transaction or event;

2. Changes specified or selected as permitted by the guidelines.

What is the meaning of a change in accounting estimates?

A change in accounting estimate is the act of adjusting the carrying amount of an asset or liability or the amount of the assets consumed on a regular basis due to changes in the current state of the assets and liabilities of the enterprise, expected economic benefits and obligations. The basis for changes in accounting estimates shall be truthful and reliable.

What are the ways to deal with changes in accounting policies?

Changes in accounting policies are treated using the retrospective adjustment method and the future-applicable method. In terms of selection, if there are provisions of the state, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the state. If the adjustment of the code can be traced, the retrospective adjustment method shall be used to deal with the delay and take care of the matter, and it can be traced back to the earliest stage of traceability; If it cannot be adjusted retroactively, it will be handled by the future application method.

The retrospective adjustment method is a method of changing the accounting policy of a transaction or event, and applying the changed accounting policy when the transaction or event first occurred, and adjusting the relevant items of the financial statements based on this; The future-applicable method refers to the method of applying the changed accounting policy to transactions or events occurring on or after the date of the change, or recognizing the impact of the change in accounting estimates in the current and future periods of the change in accounting estimates.

The new accounting standards are also known as "accounting standards for business enterprises", and the main contents are as follows:

1. Basic standards: standardize the accounting objectives, basic accounting assumptions, accounting information quality requirements, accounting elements confirmation and measurement principles, and overall requirements for financial accounting reports.

Specific standards: The specific principles of accounting treatment are clarified for the economic operations of various industries according to the basic standards, which are mainly divided into three categories: general business standards, specific business standards for special industries and reporting standards.

3. Financial and non-financial accounting subjects and reporting systems: standardize the setting of accounting subjects, financial treatment, composition of reporting system, content of reporting items, reporting style and other contents under the new standard system.

4. Interpretation of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises: Explain the special circumstances and treatment of enterprises.

1.The concept of "estimated net residual value" has been redefined and the concept of discounted value of projected future cash flows has been introduced. The estimated net residual value in the old standard is the final value, and the new standard expects the net residual value to be the present value.

In addition, the accounting treatment of disposal fees is stipulated, that is, the estimated disposal cost of fixed assets is included in the cost of fixed assets, and the principle of recognition of subsequent expenses under the original provisions is abolished.

2.The premise of asset impairment testing is clarified. The standard stipulates that whether an enterprise must make provision for asset impairment at the end of the accounting period depends on whether there is any indication of impairment of the asset, and if there is no indication of impairment of the asset, it is not necessary to estimate the amount of the asset or recognize the impairment loss.

An estimate of the amount of the asset is required only if there is an indication of impairment.

3.More operational. The standard stipulates that the allowable amount of an asset shall be determined based on the higher of the fair value of the asset less disposal costs and the present value of the asset's expected future cash flows.

The standard provides a more detailed application guide on the measurement of the fair value of an asset less disposal costs and the present value of the asset's expected future cash flows.

Legal analysis: Non-listed enterprises that implement the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises will come into force on January 1, 2021. Businesses are allowed to execute in advance.

Legal basis: Article 12 of the Accounting Law of the People's Republic of China The RMB shall be used as the standard currency for accounting.

Units whose business receipts and expenditures are mainly in currencies other than RMB may select one of the currencies as the base currency of accounting, but the financial and accounting reports prepared and submitted shall be converted into RMB.

Legal Analysis: 1. The order of the syllabus has been adjusted, so there will be some small changes in the order of the chapters of the textbook.

2. There is only one change in the content of the syllabus, which is "the recognition and measurement of liabilities (including the scope, recognition, initial and subsequent measurement, and accounting treatment principles and methods of borrowing costs)", which was originally "the recognition and measurement of liabilities (including the scope, recognition, initial and subsequent measurement, and treatment of borrowing costs)", and it can be seen that the original required treatment has changed to the assessment principles and methods.

3. Most of the assessment ability requirements remain unchanged, and the changes are:

1. The requirements have been reduced from the requirements of Level 3 comprehensive questions (comprehensive application ability) to Level 2 calculation and analysis requirements (basic application ability).

1) Hedge accounting.

2) Joint arrangements (including the concepts, recognition and measurement principles associated with joint arrangements).

3) The disposal of disposal costs at the time of initial measurement.

2. The requirements have been increased, from the requirements of Level 2 calculation and analysis questions (basic application ability) to Level 3 comprehensive questions (comprehensive application ability).

1) Cost method.

2) ** Subsidy.

3) Accounting for changes in accounting estimates.

According to the trend of the examination in recent years, the score of the above changes was originally relatively low, which may appear in the options of multiple-choice questions, or may be combined with other knowledge points in the calculation and analysis questions or comprehensive questions for a simple examination.

3. The overall ability requirements are all upgraded to level 3 comprehensive questions, and the "lease" criterion is required.

In the 2020 examination, the new leasing standards have already appeared in the comprehensive questions, so this syllabus adjustment means that the importance of the new leasing standards in the 2021 assessment will be further determined, as the new leasing standards will be fully implemented in domestic enterprises in 2021. In the overall changes in the 2021 syllabus, this change should be an important signal, and students should also focus on learning the leasing guidelines when reviewing and preparing for the exam.

Legal basis: Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises

Article 1 In order to standardize the accounting confirmation, measurement and reporting of enterprises and ensure the quality of accounting information, this standard is formulated in accordance with the Accounting Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 2 These Standards apply to enterprises (including companies, the same below) established within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

Article 3 The accounting standards for business enterprises include basic standards and specific standards, and the formulation of specific standards shall follow these standards.

Article 4 An enterprise shall prepare a financial accounting report (also known as a financial report, the same below). The objective of the financial accounting report is to provide the users of the financial accounting report with accounting information related to the financial situation, operating results and cash flow of the enterprise, reflect the performance of the fiduciary responsibility of the management of the enterprise, and help the users of the financial accounting report to make economic decisions.

Users of financial accounting reports include investors, creditors, ** and their relevant departments and the public.

Article 5 An enterprise shall carry out accounting confirmation, measurement and reporting of its own transactions or events.

Article 6 The accounting confirmation, measurement and reporting of enterprises shall be based on the premise of continuous operation.

Article 7 An enterprise shall divide the accounting period, settle the accounts in installments and prepare the financial accounting report.