Why is the base station system the most critical infrastructure in a 5G network?

Operators are deploying base stations in pilot areas in dozens of cities in China, taking Beijing as an example, with 5G network coverage from along Chang'an Avenue to West Financial Street. However, the above-mentioned China Mobile Group told the Economic Observer that although these base stations have been arranged, they have not been powered on for part of the time, and the white boxes on those towers are just pestles there.

The base station system is the most critical infrastructure in the 5G network and the heaviest part of the operator's network construction, which is known as the "lifeblood of the operator" in the industry. <

The traditional procurement model of the base station system is that the operator purchases the base station from the main equipment vendor (Huawei, ZTE, Ericsson, and Nokia) through bidding after the preliminary design, site selection, and survey, and the procurement is a long-term process. For base stations that are rented instead of bought, the property rights do not belong to the operator, and the operator can pay the equipment rent.

China Mobile (00941) 5G Phase I Project ,—— to build more than 50,000 5G base stations in the country within the country - has entered the procurement agreement process, the group originally planned to use the form of leasing instead of buying, in order to save 5G investment, but with the encouragement of the national level, it was decided to purchase the 50,000 base stations according to the commodity.

The reporter asked the public relations department of China Mobile Group for confirmation, but there was no response as of press time. After obtaining the 5G commercial license issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the operator started the 5G project, China Mobile, the communication giant with a market value of trillions and a revenue of 100 billion, has the world's largest base station scale in the 4G era, compared with the number of 2.71 million 4G base stations in the country, the 50,000 5G base stations in the early stage of 5G are not a big project, and only this year.

China Mobile's interim results just announced, have shown its operating pressure, as well as the 5G market has not yet opened, China Mobile is ready to use the form of leasing and buying, and negotiate with the main equipment manufacturers related matters, and finally the two sides reached a consensus on the leasing model.

"Small base station" is compared with "macro base station", because the frequency band used in 5G is higher, distributed between 2515MHz and 4900MHz, and the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, the weaker the diffraction ability, so in the place where there are obstacles, its radiation range will become very small, and the radiation range can only be expanded by increasing the power, so on the one hand, the radiation power intensity is limited by national regulations, that is to say, the penetration ability is limited, and on the other hand, the diffraction ability is too weak. 5G, which is not very good at turning when encountering obstacles, will have many dead ends. Therefore, the base station is particularly important.

On the one hand, because the radiant power intensity is limited by national regulations, on the other hand, the diffraction ability is too weak, and 5G, which is not very good at turning when encountering obstacles, will have many dead ends. So the base station is the most critical.

Because without 5G base stations, there will be no 5G network, and base stations can expand the range of 5G use.

The indoor coverage of 5G in the frequency band mainly relies on the active indoor subsystem (i.e., milliwatt-level distributed small base stations, hereinafter collectively referred to as the active indoor subsystem), and the indoor coverage of the 5G network in the frequency band has undergone significant changes compared with the traditional 2G 3G 4G network.

Because the permeability of 5G is not strong, it is impossible to extend the signal when encountering obstacles.

Because of the base station, it can be used to expand the scope of its use.

Because the base station is able to connect the network.

The indoor coverage of 5G in the frequency band mainly relies on the active indoor subsystem.

When you encounter an obstacle, you can't extend the signal.

Without 5G base stations, there will be no 5G network.

<>What is a 5G base station and what is the difference between it and a 4G base station? In 5G networks, the access network is no longer composed of BBUs, RRUs, antennas, and other things. Instead, it has been refactored into the following 3 functional entities:

CU (Centralized Unit) DU (Distribute Unit) AAU (Active Antenna Unit) What is a 5G base station and what is the difference between a 4G base station?

In 5G networks, the access network is no longer composed of BBUs, RRUs, antennas, and other things. Instead, it is reconstructed into the following three functional entities: CU (Centralized Unit), DU (Distribute Unit), AAU (Active Antenna Unit), and CU (4G and 5G base stations).

The non-real-time part of the original BBU will be split out and redefined as CU, which is responsible for handling non-real-time protocols and services. DU: The remaining functionality of the BBU is redefined as DU, which is responsible for handling physical layer protocols and real-time services.

AAU: Some of the BBU's physical layer processing functions are merged with the original RRU and passive antennas to form AAU.

The 5G base station is the core equipment of the 5G network, providing wireless coverage and realizing wireless signal transmission between the wired communication network and the wireless terminal. The architecture and form of the base station directly affect how the 5G network is deployed. Since the higher the frequency, the greater the attenuation during signal propagation, and the base station density of 5G networks will be higher.

Differences: From the radio unit of the base station to the antenna on the tower, there is a long feeder connected to the antenna on the tower, and in the 3G era, the baseband unit and the radio unit have begun to separate, and there is also a baseband = BBU + RRU + antenna feeder system. In the early days, RRU was also hung on the wall of the computer room, connected to the port of the antenna on the tower through a long feeder, and then in order to save space in the computer room, RRU began to go up to the tower, and there was also a RRU remote base station, which was called D-RAN (Distributed Radio Access Network).

In the 4G era, some BBUs are centrally deployed in a certain computer room, and RRU is on the tower, and the BBU and RRU are deployed remotely through optical fiber, this BBU centralized deployment is called BBU pool, this BBU centralized deployment is the earliest C-RAN (centralized radio access network) concept, which has the advantage of saving a lot of space in the computer room, and is also very power-saving, you must know that the largest power consumption in the computer room is not the equipment, but the air conditioning in the computer room.

There are differences between 5G base stations and 4G basebands, the first difference of 5G basebands is the emergence of a device called AAU, this device is actually not very complicated to put it bluntly, it is equivalent to RRU + antenna, and a 5G base station is the deployment of BBU + AAU. Now Huawei's proposed 5G minimalist site can use a BBU compatible with 2 3 4 5G NB-IoT to replace the original 2G BBU 3G BBU 4G BBU and unify it into a single BBU, which belongs to the earliest 5G CU+DU deployment, and there may be other changes in the future.

The coverage range of the 5G base station is about 250 metersThe coverage area of a 4G base station is about one kilometer, so that the coverage of a 4G base station needs about 4 5G base stations to cover.

So far, we have built 4.4 million 4G base stations, more than the total number of 4G base stations in all countries, if the coverage of these base stations is all covered by 5G base stations, then the full completion of 5G network needs 5G base stations reached 17.6 million.

Factors affecting base station coverage:

1. Frequency and distance; The higher the frequency of the signal, the worse its diffraction ability, the greater the same loss, and the farther the distance, of course, the greater the loss.

2. The transmitting power of the base station; The higher the transmit power of the base station, the greater its coverage

3. The height of the base station; The higher the height of the base station, the greater the corresponding coverage, and the greater the gain, the smaller the loss.

1) What are the abbreviations of the 4 types of base stations in the 5G network, and what kind of base stations do they refer to?

1) What are the abbreviations of the 4 types of base stations in the 5G network, and what kind of base stations do they refer to? Dear, hello Yuanbo, the classification and core varieties of 5G base stations can be divided into four categories according to the power division, namely: macro base stations, small base stations, pico base stations and fly base stations.

Macro base station: Macro base station is a base station erected on the tower, this kind of base station is very large, including a large number of users, covering a wide area, generally can reach tens of kilometers. The structural design of the tower itself takes into account the load.

Small base station: Small base station is a miniaturized base station, usually refers to a small base station installed in a building or dense area, this kind of base talk cavity start station is small in size, small in coverage area, and carries a relatively low number of users. Pibase Station:

Compared with macro base stations and micro base stations, the single-carrier transmission power and coverage capacity of pico base stations are further reduced, and they are smaller base stations than micro base stations. Fly base station: The fly base station is the smallest of the four base stations, and the fly base station is used for home base stations and is accessed by home broadband.

I hope my answer is helpful to you, and I wish you good health and a happy mood! <>

5G is the abbreviation of the fifth generation of mobile communication technology, which is the evolution of 4G network. China Telecom will focus on network security, cloud security, data security capabilities, and a strict and standardized security management system, and is committed to building safe and reliable 5G networks and products. You can learn about relevant information and trends through China Telecom's official ** or official new ***** (China Telecom Shanghai Network Hall and China Telecom customer service).

The 5G base station is a 5G radio access network and the core equipment of the 5G network, which realizes wireless signal transmission between the wired communication network and the wireless terminal. Because of the high frequency of 5G networks, the attenuation during propagation is severe, and the density of base stations is much higher than that of 4G.

A 5G base station is where 5G signals are transmitted. If you have a 5G base station nearby, then your phone can receive a 5G signal.

A 5G base station is a public mobile communication base station that specializes in providing 5G network services.

Since China's successful research on the 5G communication network, China's major operators have been non-stop to lay 5G base stations across the country. With 5G signaling base stations.

With the continuous development and improvement of China, the cumulative construction of 5G signal base stations in China has reached 10,000. This is a very good signal, which not only represents the rapid development of 5G construction in China, but also means that most people can enjoy 5G signals.

The development scale of 5G signal base stations continues to expand, which has two practical significance, the first practical significance is to ensure that more people enjoy 5G signals, and the second practical significance is that China's communication network construction is advancing by leaps and bounds.

5G communication network is not easy to come by, major operators to increase the laying of signal stations As we all know, the communication network around the world is undergoing earth-shaking changes, and even some countries spend a lot of money and manpower to focus on the study of higher degree of communication network signals. However, in some countries, the pace of research by scientific and technical personnel is relatively slow, and it is inevitable that the speed will not be proportional to the actual plan. Since China announced the successful development of 5G signals, many brands have not been able to send 5G signal mobile phones, and 5G signal base stations in many regions have been built from scratch.

This is actually a very impressive behavior, and the continuous enhancement of the signal makes people enjoy the rich online life even more.

The rapid development of network signals has made us more enjoyable to the quality of life brought by information and the Internet A long time ago, China did not establish a very rich Internet of Things and the Internet, and all people could only buy clothing and a variety of household products through offline physical stores. With the continuous enhancement of network signals, people can complete shopping through mobile phones, and logistics outlets across the country can allow people to get goods as soon as possible. At the same time, it is easier for people to enjoy faster network signals, artificial intelligence is inseparable from the construction of network signals, and the faster the network environment, the more conducive to the research and development of artificial intelligence products.

In general, China's 5G signal base stations have exceeded 10,000, which can also show that most areas of China can smoothly open 5G signals, so that people can get faster Internet speed. Although people in some regions still choose to use 4G signals, the success of 5G signal research can bring people a better quality of life experience. Although some people feel that the cost of 5G signals is particularly expensive, 5G in any region is a process of continuously reducing costs.

The cost of ** in each area has dropped from more than 100 to twenty or thirty yuan, and what we can do is wait for the time to come.

The meaning is to make our signal better and better, the call will be clearer and clearer, and the speed of Internet access will be faster and faster, so that we can have a better experience, which also means that China's 5G technology has been getting better and better, and now the technology is also very mature, and more and more people can use it.