Those surnames in China have been cut off?

Yuan Yi, director of the Institute of Genetics and Development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Research Center for the Origin of Chinese Surnames, found that in a survey of nearly 300 million people, about 4,100 surnames were found, and more than 24,000 surnames have appeared in history. That is, 20,000 surnames have died out in China.

Zhao Qiru, president of the Chinese Surname Research Association, said that among the about 4,100 surnames currently used in the country, most of them are single-character surnames, excluding double surnames and three surnames. From the perspective of the law, it is an inevitable law that the small surname dies and the big surname prospers. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, after the Xianbei people entered the Central Plains, a large number of Han surnames were changed, so the number of many small surnames was greatly reduced or even disappeared.

In the Yuan, Qing and other dynasties, a large number of foreigners entered the Central Plains, and after sinicization, they joined the team of Han surnames.

The surname of 100 million people is "Li Wang Zhang".

Among the 100 common surnames, 87% of the national population is concentratedAmong them, there are 19 surnames that account for more than 1% of the country's population, namely Li, Wang, Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Zhao, Huang, Zhou, Wu, Xu, Sun, Hu, Zhu, Gao, Lin, He, Guo and Ma. The three largest surnames in the country are Li, Wang, and Zhang, which respectively account for the total population

4% and the total population of the three surnames reached 100 million, making them the three largest groups of people with the same surname in the world.

I only know that the original guest surname was changed to guest (qie), severed. It's hard to say, you have to check the release materials of the relevant organizations.

There should be all of them in the family name.

Is there still anyone with the surname Aixin Jueluo?

The first surname that disappeared: Mi

A few years ago, "The Legend of Miyue" was broadcast on the screen, and many netizens said that they had learned a new word: "Miyue". Of course, if you don't know the word Mi, you can also understand it. After all, as a surname, the word "芈" has long disappeared without a trace.

Disappearing surname two: gluttony

Many people are puzzled that "gluttony" is obviously a mysterious monster in ancient Chinese legends, which has to start from the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. At that time, Hou Jing, the general of Liang in the Southern Dynasty, launched an armed rebellion, known as the "Hou Jing Rebellion" in history. Emperor Liang Yuan's younger brother, Xiao Ji, the king of Wuling, not only did not quell the rebellion, but established himself as emperor in Chengdu, Sichuan.

Emperor Xiao Yi of Liang Yuan sent troops to attack him and beheaded him in Kipkou.

Definitions

Surname: A sign and symbol that indicates a person's family relationship. Before the advent of surnames, what did people use to identify their family and identity?

The German orientalist Max Müller said in "Dedication to Mythology": A totem begins with the mark of a clan totem, then the name of the tribe, and then the name of the ancestor of the tribe. The "name" here is actually the "surname".

The original Chinese surname was based on the primitive religious worship, totem worship and ancestor worship of the "Heavenly Dao". The so-called "Heavenly Dao" is the rule that everything has. Primitive totem worship is the root of ancient Chinese surnames. A large number of ancient texts support this view.

China's extinct surname is gluttony. The surname, as a separate word, refers to a kind of greedy mythical beast in ancient legends. Since it can eat a lot of things, people use this term to describe the greed of human nature.

Of course, people don't say that they are greedy, the reason why they have this surname is because they were punished by the emperor in history, and it has been recorded in the "History of the South" that King Wu of Liang during the Northern and Southern Dynasties changed his brother who made a mistake to this surname.

The origin of China's extinct surname gluttonyGluttony is a kind of monster in ancient myths and legends, according to the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", this is a kind of monster with a sheep's body and a human face, eyes under the armpits, tiger teeth and human claws, and a big head and mouth. But the name of this monster is the surname "gluttony", which is surprising. According to the "History of the South", it is recorded

King Wu of Liang was too greedy because the king of Tanglin was too greedy, so he gave him the surname gluttony." Therefore, the surname gluttony began here, and the surname of future generations may slowly evolve into a simple surname with the development of history.

The three extinct compound surnames are as follows1. Nishino Construction.

The first three-character compound surname that has disappeared in China on the list is Xiye Jian, this surname Xiaozhiwu comes from the Western Jin Dynasty, when there was a writer Xiye Jianshu, his son lived in Xiye Jianfeng, Xiye Jianduan, and was a Han Chinese.

2. Dongguan Zheng.

Dongguan Zheng came from a scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty, Dongguan Zhengxu, he was a native of the Spring and Autumn Period, and Dongguan Zhengzi was of the Han nationality.

3, Nangong Wan.

This is Nangong Wanyang, a military general in the early Spring and Autumn Period, who is a Han person.

Other extinct compound surnames1. Words and cars.

Yancheji comes from the Han nationality of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and is pronounced as yanjuji. Lu Han.

2, Xichengze.

Xicheng Ze also sounds like a relatively unfamiliar surname, Xicheng Ze Ludong was a Qiao Ye Han person during the Zhou Dynasty, and Xicheng Zeming was also a Han person in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

3, Zi Quwei.

Someone surnamed Zi Qu Wei is called Zi Qu Wei Ze, who is also a Han person in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

4, Zinanfeng.

The era of the surname Nanfeng was knighted, mainly in the Zhou Dynasty.

5. The first pass of the child.

In history, there was a surname Zichuguan called Zichuguan Jiangxing, who was a person from the Zhou Dynasty.

6. Plastic Entertainment.

The reading of these words is exquisite, and it should be read as su zhen yue.

7, Zhong Ligui.

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were two people named Zhongli Keima and Zhongli Keijiadai.

The extinct surname in China is ghost。Seeing this surname, it is estimated that some people will feel scared. But this character is wěi in the pronunciation of the surname, not guǐ.

This surname appeared very early, and it is recorded in the book Surname Strategy, mentioning that this surname originated from the psychic master of the Xia Dynasty, and people at that time were very in awe of such people.

Legend has it that the people of this surname have a distinctive feature, that is, they have black moles in specific places on their bodies, namely the left arm, the back of the left ear and the back of the neck. The more famous figures include the princes of Yin, the ghost marquis, and the leader of the Northern Yuan Tatars, Ghost Lichi. For people nowadays, the word puppet similar to ghost is rarely used in modern life.

The descendants of this surname are now even more extinct.

Preface to Chinese surnames

The generation of surnames, from the historical records, the Chinese Jin language of the pre-Qin period recorded that the Yellow Emperor was made by Ji Shui, and the Yan Emperor was made by Jiang Shui, so the Yellow Emperor was Ji and the Yan Emperor was Jiang. There is also a record that Ji Min came from Xuanyuan. This shows that the surname is a title that represents a common blood relationship.

No intermarriage between the same surname is allowed, it is the rule of the marriage system of the Zhou Dynasty, men and women have the same surname, and they are not born, and they have been passed on for 22 years, and they are not married with the same surname, and they are not evil.

This system of different surnames was used until the Qin Dynasty, when the feudal patriarchal system of the Zhou Dynasty was basically weakened, and the clan and surname system of the old aristocracy was almost wiped out. By the time of the Western Han Dynasty, the distinction between surname and surname was no longer visible. Therefore, when Ma Qian of Taishi Company made historical records, he simply referred to the surname as a whole, and from then on, the name of the surname was merged into one since Taishi Gong.