Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the three of railway broad gauge, narrow gauge and stand

1. Advantages and disadvantages of railway broad gauge:

1. Advantages: improve the transport capacity, enhance the stability of the train, and make the interior of the carriage spacious and comfortable.

2. Disadvantages: The cost of bridges and tunnels will rise sharply, especially for tunnels. Turning radius.

It should also increase, as well as increase the floor area, so the cost of ground lines will also rise. And these are already one of the biggest disadvantages of wheel-rail railways compared to maglev railways.

2. Advantages and disadvantages of standard rail:

1. Advantages: A wide range of applications, including China, about 55% of the world's railway lines use standard gauge.

Build. 2. Disadvantages: There are too many types, easy to cause confusion, there are more than 30 different gauges (track widths) in the world, which are roughly divided into broad gauge, standard gauge, narrow gauge (including meter gauge.

and inch rail). The light and heavy of vehicles are divided into light rail and heavy rail.

3. Advantages and disadvantages of narrow gauge:

1. Advantages: narrow gauge vehicles are small, the steering space is small, so the cost is low, and it is suitable for branch railways in mountainous areas. The advantage is that the construction cost is low.

2. Disadvantages: The train speed and load performance are relatively poor, and there is no high room for improvement.

Broad gauge, is a railway term that refers to a gauge greater than 1435mm. Russia and its former Soviet republics and India, among others, mainly use broad gauge. Its advantage is that the stability of the train is improved, it is not easy to overturn, and the stability and comfort of the train operation can be improved.

The disadvantage is that the turning radius is too large, and the construction cost increases.

Compared with the broad gauge, the load-bearing and stability of the quasi-gauge are slightly worse, but the turning radius is smaller, and the construction cost can be reduced. The standard gauge is 1435mm, which is also the international standard gauge.

There are historical reasons why 1435mm is set as the international standard gauge. The world's first commercial railway, the Stockton-Darlington Railway in England, opened to traffic in 1825, used 1435mm gauge. In 1846, the British Parliament established this gauge as the standard gauge and forbade the use of other gauges on new railway lines without special permission.

Britain was a capitalist powerhouse at the time, so it applied this criterion to their colonies and spheres of influence. For example, the engineer who presided over the construction of China's first railway, the Tangxu Railway, was an Englishman named Claude William Kinda, who advocated the use of a gauge of four feet eight and a half inches. From a practical point of view, the majority of countries in the world use 1435mm gauge, so it is logical to set 1435mm as the international standard gauge.

The issue of track gauge is the same in fact. Broad gauge is not introduced in China, standard gauge is commonly used in China, and narrow gauge Yunnan is suitable for general mountainous transportation.

Legal analysis: 1. Advantages and disadvantages of railway broad gauge: 1. Advantages:

The increased capacity increases the stability of the train, and the interior of the carriage becomes spacious and comfortable. 2. Disadvantages: The cost of bridges and tunnels will rise sharply, especially for tunnels.

The turning radius should also be increased, and the floor area should be increased, so the cost of the ground line should also rise. And these are already one of the biggest disadvantages of wheel-rail railways compared to maglev railways. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of standard rail:

1. Advantages: The scope of application is wide, including China, about 55% of the world's railway lines are built with standard gauge distance. 2. Disadvantages:

There are more than 30 different gauges (track widths) in the world, which are roughly divided into broad gauges, standard gauges, and narrow gauges (including meter gauges and inch gauges). The light and heavy of vehicles are divided into light rail and heavy rail.

Legal basis: Article 11 The survey, design, construction and supervision of railway construction projects shall comply with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations on the quality and safety management of construction projects, and implement national standards, industry standards and technical specifications. The survey, design and construction unit of the railway construction project shall be responsible for the quality of the survey, design and construction in accordance with the law, and the supervision unit shall bear the supervision responsibility for the construction quality in accordance with the law.

High-speed railways and railway construction projects with complex geological structures shall implement the engineering geological survey and supervision system.

The width of China's rails is 1435mm, and in 1937, the International Railway Association made a stipulation: the width of 1435mm is the international standard width, the width above 1520mm is broad gauge, and the width below 1067mm is divided into narrow gauge.

Rail width crack width.

The gauge with a width of 1435mm is recognized as the international standard gauge, and about 60 70% of the world's countries (the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, etc.) use the 1435mm standard gauge, and the gauge greater than 1435mm is called broad gauge, such as the Soviet Union, Panama, Finland and other countries use this gauge.

1. Advantages: improve the transportation capacity, enhance the stability and verticality of the train, and make the interior of the carriage spacious and comfortable.

2. Disadvantages: The cost of bridges and tunnels will rise sharply, especially for tunnels. The turning radius should also increase, as well as the area increased, so the cost of the ground line should be increased. And these are already one of the biggest disadvantages of wheel-rail railways compared to maglev railways.

All the trunk lines of China's national railways are quasi-gauge 1435mm railways, and only the Kunhe line is a narrow-gauge 1000mm railway, because it is necessary to connect with South Asian countries, and the narrow-gauge railways are convenient, and the goods can be changed in China.

Kunhe Line: The Yunnan section has a total length of 468km.

In addition, some of the local railways and forest railways are 762mm narrow tracks, such as the Henan local railway, Yudan Railway, Chaoqi Railway, vertical railway, etc. In addition, there were also Guangdong Mellon Railway and Yunfu Liudu Railway. It is mostly 762mm.

Forest railways are mostly distributed in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and other forest production areas. There used to be Weihe Forest Iron (Binsui Railway Branch), Jiangxi Gannan Forest Railway, etc. Some of them are now being converted into tourist routes or used for other purposes.

There is no broad gauge on China's trunk lines and branch lines, only Suifenhe, Erenhot and other border stations, and there is a small section of 1520mm wide gauge yard in the station or on the special line, which is convenient for the reloading of goods.

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Problem description: How many meters is the gauge of the world's railways "broad gauge, medium gauge, and narrow gauge"? Russian railways are broad-gauge, so what should be done with our country's trains when they enter Russia?

Analysis: There is no such thing as "medium gauge", the international standard railway gauge is called "quasi-gauge", which is 1435 mm (4 ft 8 and a half inches). The railway that is wider than the quasi-gauge is "broad gauge", the railway that is narrower than the quasi-gauge is "narrow gauge", there are many kinds of broad gauge and narrow gauge, and the narrow gauge has a gauge of 600 mm, 720 mm (also known as "inch gauge mm", 900 mm, 1000 mm (also known as "meter gauge" hungry round mm, etc.; Broad gauge has 1524 mm, 1676 mm, etc.

Russia and the CIS countries and Mongolia use the 1524 mm gauge of the broad gauge, in the Sino-Russian, Sino-Mongolian, Sino-Kazakh international intermodal ports Manzhouli, Erenhot and Alashankou, to take the way of wheel change, the carriage is hoisted to the wheels of their respective gauge to convert, the whole train to change Kaiyuan wheel takes several hours.