Modern Literature Reading Four Answers to Ancient Chinese Fables

Fables have been popular as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China, and they are folk oral creations.

In the works of the hundred schools of thought of the pre-Qin princes, fables were often used to clarify the truth, and many excellent fables that were popular at that time were preserved, such as: "Dead Birds", "Chickens", "Seedlings Grow", "Self-Contradiction", "Zheng People Buy Shoes", "Waiting for the Rabbit" and so on.

Fable"This word was first seen in the history of Chinese literature in the book of the ancient great thinker Zhuangzi - "Zhuangzi Fable"."Fable 19, by way of the outside", and the "Under Heaven" chapter"Tautology is true, and allegory is wide"。The former is to illustrate the technique of allegorical creation, and the latter is to illustrate the role of allegory. Fable is a kind of short story that uses other things to expose reality, satirize ugliness, exhort words and deeds, conduct moral education, and enlighten ideas.

Since in ancient China there has been none"Fable"The title of this specialized genre, and there are many other names, and there is no allegorical history, a fable monograph or fable monograph, most of which are scattered or parasitic in other literary works, when the Warring States period was a hundred schools of thought, there were many fables in "Han Feizi". In addition, there are also fables in the Zhuangzi and Liezi. Later generations only sorted it out, and by the time of the Tang and Song dynasties, printing technology developed and could be published in collections.

The first type is to tell profound philosophies in vivid and lively metaphors, which not only give people the enjoyment of beauty, but also give people wisdom. Since the pre-Qin period in our country, there have been many philosophical fables, forming a major feature of ancient Chinese fables, many of which shine with the ideological brilliance of simple materialism or dialectics, and the "Frog of the Well" in the "Zhuangzi" in this book shows that the world is vast, and people should not be confined to their own narrow sights and hears and be arrogant. The "Worrying Heaven" in "Liezi" shows that the sky is just an accumulation of gas, and there is no place without gas; The earth is nothing but clods of earth, and clods of earth are filled in all directions, and there is no place where there is no land.

Therefore, the idea that the heavens and the earth are about to collapse is groundless. "The Easiest Way to Draw Ghosts" shows that starting from objective reality, it is the most difficult to do things according to objective laws, and it is necessary to work hard. And it is easy to stay away from the reality and talk nonsense.

There are more fables that satirize the various manifestations of idealism and metaphysics from the opposite side, and vividly depict some ugly states that cling to metaphysics. "Sprouts to Grow" tells people how ridiculous it is to make stupid actions that violate objective laws; "One Man Pierces the Well" illustrates that when conducting investigation and research, it is inevitable that there will be no mistakes based on hearsay and subjective speculation; As for the Zheng people in "Zheng Ren Buying Shoes", he is a typical example of dogmatism.

The second category is of the nature of "persuading the good and punishing the evil", and many of them also give people positive inspiration. The "Rodent Law" shows that it is despicable to have an improper mind and not hesitate to harm a benefactor for one's own selfish interests; "Why Wait for the Next Year" and "Orangutan Alcoholism" advise people to correct their mistakes, don't excuse them, and make them knowingly; "Centipede Arrogance" and "Victory and Defeat" educate people not to be arrogant and complacent, and blindly underestimate the enemy.

There are also some negative elements in this kind of story, such as the outdated view of self-preservation and karma, for which we should be good at discerning and criticizing.

The third category is "exposing the hidden and revealing its evil", which is ironic. Some of them are aimed at current politics and denounce bad customs and bad habits, exposing the darkness and decay of feudal society to a certain extent. "Forcibly Taking People's Clothes" and "Gao Xin's Thirst for Killing" reveal the ingenuity and extreme cruelty of the wicked in the world; "More Experience" and "Cat Wishing Mouse Longevity" ridicule the hypocrisy of hypocrites; "Fighting for the Goose" rebukes the culture of advocating empty talk and engaging in meaningless arguments; "The Charming Tiger" and "The Mountain Charm Lacquer Mirror" point out that liking and hating criticism will reap the consequences; "Pedantic Firefighting" and "Fu Xian" show the pedantic and ridiculous observance of feudal etiquette.

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The book "Selected Fables of Ancient China" is composed of many different fables, and there is no such thing as a main character, and the main character usually refers to the protagonist of each fable in the book.

Selected Fables of Ancient China is a book published by China Juvenile and Children's Publishing House on August 1, 2007. The book collects ancient Chinese fables such as "A Jackal Breaks an Arrow", "A Willow Guarding the Willow", and "The Shadow of the Cup Bow and Snake".

Fable is a literary genre that uses figurative stories to convey meaningful truths and give people inspiration, with few words, but concise and concise. [1]

Chinese name. Fable

Foreign name. fable

Attribute. Literary genres.

Rise time. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.

Features. Figurative, educational, satirical.

Representative works. Seedlings are promoted.

Wait for the rabbit. Cook Ding Xie Niu.

Peculiarity. 1) Fables are generally short in length, concise in language, simple in structure but extremely expressive.

2) Distinctly satirical and educational. Use more metaphors to make the theme or profound truth of the lesson reflected in a simple story. Most of the theme ideas use this as a metaphor for the other, the distance as a metaphor for the near, the past as a metaphor for the present, and the small as a metaphor for the big.

3) The fictional nature of the storyline, the protagonist can be either a person or a thing.

4) Common techniques: metaphor, exaggeration, symbolism, personification, etc. [2].

5) "Yu" is the meaning of "sustenance", that is, the author's thoughts are placed in a story, so that people can understand a certain truth from it, which is essentially an indirect expression of analogy.

Fables are containedIronic or obvious lessonsThe story is a literary genre. It is short in structure and often uses metaphors, so that the instructive theme or profound truth is reflected in a simple story. The quality of the storyline setting of the fable is related to the future of the fable.

A fable is a short story with a deep ideological meaning.

Fable" is the meaning of sustenance, and fable is a literary work that illustrates a certain truth or lesson through a short story, using metaphor, personification and other techniques, often with the nature of satire and exhortation. Some say that fables are "poetry of the intellect" and "truth in cloaks".

Fables are generally short, philosophical and satirical. Most of the theme ideas are used as metaphors for the other, from the far as the near, from the past as a metaphor for the present, and from the small as the big, so that the profound truth is reflected in the simple story. Its content is to reflect people's views on life, or to make some criticism of a certain social phenomenon, or to satirize a certain class or a certain person, or to provide a certain life lesson, or to give some kind of admonition.

Fable is a genre of literary work, often satirical or exhortational, using false stories or personifications to illustrate a certain truth or lesson.

1, "Buying and Returning Pearls".

Original text] The Chu people sold their pearls to Zheng, which was the cabinet of Magnolia, smoked with cinnamon peppers, decorated with pearls and jade, decorated with roses, and compiled with jade. The Zheng people bought their coffins and returned their pearls. This can be described as a good seller, but it can not be described as a good pearl.

Buying and returning pearls, an ancient idiom in China, comes from "Han Feizi", the original meaning is to buy jewelry and leave only a beautiful box without the real value of the jewelry inside. It is often used as a metaphor for the lack of vision and improper trade-offs.

2, "Zheng Ren Buys Shoes".

Original text: If Zheng people want to buy shoes, they should first spend their own time and sit on them. to the city, and forget to do it. He has been fulfilled, but he said, "I have forgotten to hold on to it." "Instead, take it. and on the contrary, the city is boycotted, and it is not allowed to perform.

People said, "Why not give it a try?" He said: "Rather trustworthiness, no self-confidence." ”

3, "Indiscriminate Filling".

The king of Qi Xuan made people blow the pipe, and there will be three hundred people. Nan Guo Shi Please blow the flute for the king. Xuan Wang Yuezhi, hundreds of people were eaten. King Xuan died, and King Min was established. After hearing it one by one, the priest fled.

Note] King Xuan - Monarch of the State of Qi.

竽 (yú) – The name of an ancient musical instrument, like the current 笙 (shēng).

Must—definitely, must.

Priest - In ancient times, people who were learned and virtuous but did not become officials were called magistrates. There's a sarcasm here. Please—request.

Say - the same as "Yue".

廪食 (lǐnsì) is served in the hundreds, etc.—the treatment is the same as that of the hundreds. Food, the government feeds. Granary. Food, offerings, offerings. Eat. to, the same as "with". etc., the same.

Li-Inherited the throne.

4, "Painting Snakes and Adding Feet".

Original text: Those who have an ancestral hall in Chu will give them wine to give their people. The people of the house said:

Several people do not drink enough, but one person drinks more than enough. Please draw the ground for the snake, and the first to drink. "A man who is a snake comes first, leads wine and drinks it, but he holds a snake in his left hand and draws a snake in his right hand

I can do it. "Before it was done, a person's snake became a snake, and he grabbed it, saying: "The snake has no feet, and Zi'an can do it?"

And he drank his wine. He who is a serpent's foot will die of his wine.

1.Said: "Yue".

2 And: Accurate: 3 Dead: Lost, Lost.

4 So: thus; Only.

5度 (dù): The measured size.

6 for: do, manufacture.

7 feet: feet. 2 1 This can be described as a good seller, but it can not be described as a good pearl. : This can be said to be good at selling boxes, not good at selling pearls.

2 Rather (nìng) trustworthiness, no self-confidence also: I would rather believe in a good size than believe in my own:

3 The king stood up, so that when he heard it one by one, he fled. : His son, King Qi, succeeded to the throne. King Qi liked to listen to solo performances one by one, so Nan Guo had no choice but to flee

4 The snake has no feet, can Zi'an be enough? How can you draw feet for a serpent that has no feet?

People are worried, the fox is fake and the tiger is mighty, the sheep are mended, and they are embattled.