High School Biology Questions About the Golgi Apparatus

Yes, the Golgi apparatus plays an important role in the formation of proteins, and most hormones belong to proteins.

Yes, the Golgi apparatus is associated with cell wall formation in plant cells.

Certain neurotransmitters belong to proteins.

1.Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA catalyzed by choline acetyltranslocation enzyme (choline acetylase). Since the enzyme is present in the cytoplasmic matrix, acetylcholine is synthesized in the cytoplasmic matrix, where it is taken up and stored by vesicles.

2.The synthesis of norepinephrine is based on tyrosine, which is first catalyzed by tyrosine hydroxylase, and then dopamine (catecholamine) is synthesized under the action of dopa decarboxylase (amino acid dehydrase), which is carried out in the cytoplasmic matrix. Dopamine is then taken up into vesicles, where norepinephrine is further synthesized by dopamine hydroxylase and stored in vesicles.

3.Dopamine synthesis is exactly the same as the first two steps of norepinephrine synthesis, except that norepinephrine is no longer synthesized after dopamine enters the vesicles, because the dopamine storage cell does not contain dopamine hydroxylase.

4.The synthesis of serotonin is based on tryptophan, which is first synthesized by tryptophan hydroxylase, and then synthesized by serotophan destockase (amino acid dejunase), which is carried out in the cytoplasmic matrix. Serotonin is then ingested into vesicles and stored in vesicles.

5.GABA is synthesized from glutamic acid catalyzed by glutamic acid decarboxylation.

6.Peptide (protein-like) transmitters are genetically regulated and synthesized on ribosomes by translation, transported through the endoplasmic reticulum, processed and concentrated by the Golgi apparatus, and then secreted into neuronal cells.

The replication and transcription of DNA in the nucleus, and the synthesis of organic matter such as polysaccharides in the chloroplast matrix, so wrong.

The synthesis of enzymes is equivalent to protein synthesis and the formation of cyanobacteria cell wall is also related to the Golgi apparatus, so right.

So choose

The Golgi apparatus is involved in the processing and secretion of proteins in the formation of secreted proteins in animal and plant cells. Proteins synthesized from cell-free ribosomes do not require Golgi processing.

The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to participate in the secretory activity of the cell, and it is also related to the formation of the cell wall of plant cells.

The efflux of neurotransmitters in animals is also a secretory activity that is associated with the Golgi apparatus.

The oxidative decomposition of glucose in is the action of mitochondria.

DNA replication and transcription are the role of the nucleus.

The synthesis of enzymes in is the action of ribosomes.

The process involves the Golgi apparatus.

1. Hormones are divided into many categories, as long as they are protein hormones, their formation requires the participation of the Golgi apparatus.

2. The formation process of plant cell wall is relatively special and requires the participation of the Golgi apparatus.

4. There are two types of enzymes, RNA enzymes and protein enzymes, among which the formation process of protein enzymes requires the participation of Golgi apparatus.

The Golgi apparatus plays an important role in the formation of proteins.

Learn about the Golgi apparatus in a minute.

The role is different:In animals, it is mainly used for transportation, such as the transport of proteins, and some modification and packaging of proteins. In plants, in addition to its function in animal cells, it is also involved in the synthesis of cell walls.

Sugars function differently:In animal cells, the Golgi apparatus has the function of glycosylation, while in plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is responsible for the production of cellulose containing polysaccharide components.

Golgi structure :

1. Cis Golgi accepts the newly synthesized substances from the endoplasmic reticulum and classifies most of them into the Golgi intermbranicular sac, and a small part of the proteins and lipids return to the endoplasmic reticulum (residing in the endoplasmic reticulum). Others, such as the O-linking of proteins, the acylation of transmembrane proteins, and the assembly of corona viruses, are also here.

2. Most of the glycosylation modifications, glycolipid formation, and polysaccharide formation of the medial sac (medial golgi). The large membrane surface increases the effective area for synthesis and modification.

3. The pH of trans golgi is lower than that of other parts. The function is the classification and packaging of proteins as well as the output, "late" protein modifications. and ensure one-way transport of proteins and lipids.

Yes. The Golgi apparatus in the human body is related to the formation of the cell wall of the root of the Golgi apparatus in plants, and the main structural components and possible arrangements of the primary wall are related. Cellulose microfibrils (gray rods) are synthesized at the cell surface, encased in hemicellulose (blue and purple lines), and connected by hemicellulose and other microfibrils.

Pectin (red, yellow, and green lines) forms an endolocking matrix that controls the spatial structure of microfibrils and the porosity of the cell wall. Pectin and hemicellulose are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and are distributed to the cell wall through vesicles on the plasma membrane for deposit on the cell surface. For ease of observation, only the hemicellulose-cellulose network structure is shown on the left, and the pectin network is mainly on the right.

Cell wall formation.

Under an optical microscope, the cell walls of workers in two adjacent cells can usually be divided into three layers: the intercellular layer, the primary wall, and the secondary wall.

Specialization of the cell wall: lignification, corkification, keratinization, mucilage, and mineralization.

Lignification is the addition of lignin to the cell wall, which can enhance the hardness of the cell wall and increase the mechanical force of the cell population.

Corkification is the addition of cork in the cell wall, the cell wall of cork is often yellow-brown, not easy to breathe and impermeable, so that the protoplast of the cell is isolated from the outside world and necrosis, becoming a dead cell, which has a protective effect on the internal tissues of the plant.

The above refers to the Encyclopedia-Golgi apparatus.

Encyclopedia - Cell wall.

Hello, glad to answer for you!

Endoplasmic reticulum: the workshop for the synthesis and processing of intracellular proteins, as well as lipid synthesis; With Gorky Jane.

Formation related; It has the role of undertaking the transport of intracellular substances. The endoplasmic reticulum can effectively increase the membrane area within the cell and provide attachment points for various enzymes. The endoplasmic reticulum organically connects various structures within the cell into a whole.

Golgi apparatus: processing, sorting, and packaging of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, plant cells are involved in the synthesis of the cell wall, and animal cells are involved in the formation of secretions; The transport of lipids in the cell is able to form lysosomes.

It is related to the formation of synaptic vesicles, (some polysaccharides that secrete locust sedan to the extracellular body are also synthesized.)