Ask for the exercises of Autumn Water , The Snake Catcher Says , and Fish I Want in the ninth gr

This text is the third lecture text in Unit 5 of the second semester of Grade 9, and the teaching focus of this unit is to grasp the ideas and perspectives of the texts through repeated recitation, and to understand their respective discourse methods and language styles. Before learning this lesson, students have already learned to discuss **'For knowledge, there are two lectures on Mozi's "Gong Loss" and "Mencius Chapter 2" in the first part of this unit, so that students have a preliminary understanding of the prose of the pre-Qin Dynasty through learning, and this lesson is followed by a self-reading text "Two Stories of Zhuangzi", so this text is a transition from lecture reading to self-reading.

First, Mencius mainly discussed the two views of "sacrificing one's life for righteousness" and "being born in sorrow and dying in peace" by presenting facts (citing positive and negative examples) and reasoning. Let's talk about the understanding of the two points of view in relation to the actual situation:

Mencius's idea of "sacrificing one's life for righteousness" and Confucius's idea of "killing oneself to become benevolent" have always been the highest moral standards of the Chinese nation, inspiring generations of people with lofty ideals to sacrifice their lives for the country and generously go to hardship. "Sacrificing one's life for righteousness" has not only its historical significance, but also its practical significance, and this view is still in line with the moral requirements of the new era.

The idea of "being born in sorrow and dying in peace" has been proved not only by countless facts in history, but also by countless facts today. Therefore, we must keep a clear head, not indulge in a comfortable and happy life, and everyone needs a sense of distress, so that we can cheer up our spirits and work hard, otherwise, there is a danger that the country will be ruined.

Second, "food that comes from the mouth" now refers to insulting almsgiving. How to deal with the "food that comes to you" depends on the specific situation. If you accept this kind of almsgiving, you will not only be insulted to your own personality, but also seriously damage the interests of the country and the people.

However, sometimes accepting the "food that comes to you" saves you, and although you have suffered some damage, you can better safeguard the interests of the country and the people.

Three, 1, for: in order to do.

2. Walk: Walk and do (thing).

3. De: to obtain the same as "virtue", verb, gratitude.

4. Intermittent: Intermediate involvement occasionally, occasionally.

5, Yu: Compare, for from in.

Fourth, omitted.

Sorrow makes a man survive, but comfort and pleasure are enough to ruin. There was an interesting and thought-provoking experiment in which a frog was thrown into a hot pan of oil and the frog was able to unexpectedly leap out of the trap. Then he put the same frog in a pot of water that was gradually heated, and this time it felt so comfortable that when it realized that danger was coming, it became so weak that it finally died at the bottom of the pot.

From this experiment, we can see that frogs are sensitive to immediate danger and slow to respond to dangers that are yet to come. From this I think of man, and in fact the same is true of man, as Mencius said: "Born in sorrow, die in peace."

Born in sorrow" is an eternal saying, and the story of the Yue King Goujian lying down and tasting courage in the Spring and Autumn Period is its best registration. At that time, Gou Jian succumbed to peace, humbled himself to Wu, tried his courage on a salary, and after "ten years of life and gathering, ten years of training", he finally turned weak into strong, raised troops to destroy Wu State, and became a generation of overlords, how could Gou Jian be able to restore the country? This is the result of the sorrow of the humiliation of the country that made him angry and urged him to rise up.

This shows that when there are many difficulties and there is no way out, people can often show extraordinary perseverance, give full play to unexpected potential, fight desperately to break out of the encirclement, and open up a way of life.

However, with a way of life and comfort, people often cannot grasp it well, and "die in peace". There is no better example of this than King Chuang. In the spring of 1644, King Chuang invaded Beijing, thinking that the world was determined and it was done.

Those new bureaucrats who came from peasants lost all the courage to conquer the world during the uprising, and only wanted to enjoy peace and happiness in the city of Beijing, "celebrating the New Year every day"; Li Zicheng wanted to be the emperor as soon as possible, Niu Jinxing wanted to be the prime minister of the peace, and the generals wanted to build a mansion. When the Qing troops entered the customs and the Ming Dynasty forces made a comeback, the rebel army was defeated and out of control. This reminds me of Ouyang Xiu's old sentence "Sorrow can rejuvenate the country, and Yiyu can die".

When danger arises, people can open their eyes to fight, so they can save the day; In the midst of comfort and pleasure, the will faded, and the spirit was completely lost, and the result was a complete failure.

After-class practice answer reference.

1. Memorize the full text. Regarding the argument of this article, some say that it is "sacrificing life to take righteousness"; Some people say that people should not violate "righteousness" at any time, and "sacrificing one's life to take righteousness" is the highest requirement. What do you think?

Discuss it with your classmates. The purpose of this question is to make students pay attention to the structure and ideas of the text, so that they can have a general understanding of the main idea of the text. See "Problem Study" in "Textual Discussion".

However, if some students insist that they are "sacrificing their lives for righteousness" and can give up certain reasons, there is no need to insist that they give up their opinions.

2. Tell us whether the meaning or usage of the underlined words in the following groups of sentences are the same. 1 The needy of whom I know have me.

Huer and with it, the doer of the way receives 2 and with it, and the beggar disdains it.

From what is, there is no need to be born, and there is no such thing as a living, and there is more to what is desired.

Wan Zhong is in me, He Jiayan4 is not the only sage, and he has a heart.

Yes or no, this question is intended to allow students to accumulate common real and virtual words. 1 with, pronounced yú, a modal word at the end of a sentence, indicating a rhetorical question. with, give.

2 And, conjunctions. Connect modifiers and centrizers. And, conjunctions.

Connecting the subject and the predicate, with the meaning of "but". 3 Yu, preposition. Indicates a comparison.

Yu, preposition. The object that elicits the action. 4 Yes, demonstrative pronouns.

This, like this. Yes, so it seems, so it seems.

3. Discuss the linguistic characteristics of Mencius's prose in conjunction with this article and Mencius Chapter 2. The purpose of this question is to make students pay attention to the beauty of the essay of "Mencius" and have a superficial understanding of the artistic characteristics of "Mencius". 1. Clear, easy to understand, rarely use unfamiliar words.

2 Extensive use of couples. In this way, the article reads with a strong sense of rhythm, and is full of style and momentum. 3 Be good at parables, most of which are designed according to common sense of life.

For example, the examples of war cited in "Born in Sorrow, Died in Peace", and the examples of "fish" and "bear's paws" in "Fish I Want" cannot be both. This kind of simple metaphor not only makes his teachings more acceptable, but also makes his articles full of literary interest.

1. Memorize the full text. Regarding the argument of this article, some say that it is "sacrificing life to take righteousness"; Some people say that people should not violate "righteousness" at any time, and "sacrificing one's life to take righteousness" is the highest requirement. What do you think? Discuss it with your classmates.

Autumn Water (Translation).

In autumn, the torrents come in according to the season, and the water of many large rivers flows into the Yellow River, and the river is wide and turbulent, and even cattle and horses cannot be distinguished between the two banks and the sandbar in the water. So the river god rejoiced and thought that all the good things in the world were gathered in him. The river god followed the flow of water to the east, came to the north sea, and looked eastward, but could not see the end of the sea.

So the river god changed his previous complacent face, looked up at the sea god and sighed: "There is a saying that 'after hearing a hundred truths, you think that there is no one in the world who can compare with yourself', which is a person like me." And I had heard that Confucius knew too little, and that Boyi's high righteousness was not worth valuing, and at first I couldn't believe it; Now that I have seen with my own eyes that you are so vast and boundless, if it were not for the fact that I had come to your door, it would have been really dangerous, and I would have been laughed at forever by those who have been extremely cultivated.

"The frogs in the well cannot talk to them about the sea because they are limited by the space they live in; Summer insects, it is impossible to talk to them about freezing, because they are limited by the time they live; In the land of rural songs, it is impossible to talk to them about the Great Dao, because of the constraints of upbringing. Now that you have come out of the river bank and seen the sea, you will know your ugliness, and you will be able to participate in the conversation.

There is nothing bigger than the sea on the surface of the water, thousands of rivers flow to the sea, I don't know when it will stop and the sea will never overflow; The tailing of the seabed leaks seawater, and it is not known when it will stop and the seawater never decreases; There is no change in spring or autumn, and there is no perception of flooding or drought. This shows that the sea far exceeds the flow of rivers and cannot be counted in terms of quantity. But I have never been complacent because of this, I think that I have received my form from heaven and earth and I have received vitality from yin and yang, and I exist between heaven and earth, like a small stone or a small piece of sawdust in a mountain.

I think my existence is so small, and I think I'm content and conceited? Think about it, the four seas exist between heaven and earth, isn't it like a small pores between stones that exist in Daze? Think about it again, the Central Plains land exists within the four seas, isn't it like fine grains and rice grains exist in a big granary?

The number of things is called ten thousand, and human beings are only one of all things; People gather in Kyushu, where food grows, where boats and cars pass, and everyone is just one of many people; Isn't one person like the end of a hair that exists in the whole body of a horse? What the five emperors continued, what the three kings fought for, what the benevolent people were worried about, and what the virtuous people worked for, all lie in this little world! Boyi gave it up to gain fame, and Confucius talked about it and showed his knowledge, which is probably their complacency and pride; Isn't it like you were complacent when the river was swelling? "Oh.