Why did Wang Anshi s reform end in failure?

First, first of all, let's introduce the background of Wang Anshi's reforms.

Wang Anshi's reform was in the Song Shenzong Dynasty, Song Shenzong was the sixth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, and in the Song Shenzong Dynasty, there were too many troops and caused a huge burden on the country's finances. The reason for the redundancy is that the Song Dynasty basically controlled the core power of the civil official group and the emperor.

In order to prevent the power of a single civilian official from growing, the position of a civilian official was split into several to achieve the purpose of decentralization. Over time, many official positions that are not key positions will also be split into several positions. It is said that by the time of Renzong, the number of ** was ten times that of the founding Taizu of the Song Dynasty.

2. The main purpose of Wang Anshi's reform was to strengthen the country and the army, and to change the situation of the poor and weak people in the Song Dynasty.

The main laws of the reform were the Qingmiao Law, which improved the economy of the people, the Law of Changing the City, the Law of Equalizing Losses, and the Law of Protecting the Army. A brief description of the content of the decree. Seedling method

The peasants had seedlings and seeds in their hands, but last year's autumn harvest was exhausted, so they had to borrow usury from the landlords to support them until the autumn harvest and then repay the principal and interest. Now, ** has come forward to lend to farmers at a lower interest rate, and wait until the autumn harvest to repay the principal and interest together. At the same time, let the wealthy or landlord as a guarantee.

It has not only lightened the peasants' burdens, but also increased the state income. Municipal Law: The state sets up commercial institutions, buys when the goods are unsalable, and sells them at a higher price when the goods sell well.

It can not only make the market flow smoother, but also increase the country's income. Armor Protection Law: That is, when the farm is slack, the strong men in each family are gathered in groups of 10 for training and duty.

It can not only maintain local law and order, save the cost of errand service, but also allow the people to obtain basic military training, saving a lot of military training costs. <

3. These decrees were designed to be beautiful, but their implementation on a national scale has led to disastrous consequences.

In fact, anyone who has studied market economics knows that in order to make the people rich, the state can only deregulate and let the invisible hand play a role. Once the visible hand intervenes in the market economy, it will only lead to the result of competing with the people for profit. Moreover, the elites at that time all supported the conservative Sima Guang, and those who were willing to implement Wang Anshi's decrees were all treacherous villains.

In practice, the policy is even more distorted. In the end, the seedling law became that no matter whether farmers need loans or not, they will be forced to take out loans. The law of change of the city and the law of equal loss have become a big killer weapon to fill one's own pockets and compete with the people for profit.

The armor protection law has become a **, which can be forcibly broken and enslaved without restraint to be used as free coolies. In the end, some people even mutiated themselves and did not want to be put on insurance. <>

Therefore, from the above objective point of view, Wang Anshi's original intention of reform was good, but the result was disastrous.

There have been many reforms in Chinese history, the most famous of which was the Shang Dynasty reform, which made the Qin state stronger and stronger. Among them, in the Song Dynasty, there was a transformer called Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi is a famous figure in history, not only with outstanding literary talent, but also with very strong work ability.

Although Wang Anshi's reform is very famous and effective, it has not been able to change the political situation and society of the whole country, and finally ended in failure, and the root cause of Wang Anshi's reform is mainly because Wang Anshi's change itself is suitable for the people's foundation, and there has been a great conflict, but the change mainly includes political and military aspects, which has really affected the lives of the people from the distribution, weakened the interests of farmers, landlords and businessmen, and made the whole country strong. It aggravated the contradictions between the state and the people and lost the social foundation, so he did not have the support of the people for his change this time.

The background of Wang Anshi's reform.

Wang Anshi was born in the Song Dynasty at that time, the Northern Song Dynasty had been established for 41 years, and there was no big war, but in a state of peace in the general environment, there were more and more problems in the Northern Song Dynasty, mainly to make the Northern Song Dynasty very poor. In addition, the long-term confrontation between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty allowed most of the funds of the Northern Song Dynasty to be invested in the construction of the national army, so the economic situation of the Northern Song Dynasty became very poor. Therefore, considering the economic situation of the Northern Song Dynasty, reforms were needed.

The benefits of Wang Anshi's change.

Wang Anshi's reform was mainly to seek wealth, get as much as possible the state's financial revenue, and use the state's power to make acquisitions, so as to accumulate the country's wealth, but in fact, this method violated the objective economic law of the whole country's situation, and became rich and poor. Heng Shi his change was not without effect, but also changed the growth of financial revenue in the Northern Song Dynasty, the poverty and weakness also limited usury, the exploitation of farmers, cracked down on the manipulation of the market by merchants, and also had a certain impact on the development of agricultural production, and promoted social and economic development.

In the end, although Wang Anshi's reform failed, it was also a great attempt, and it also provided some cases and references for future generations, and it was also beneficial to the development of future generations, so Wang Anshi's reform will still have a certain reference significance.

This is because he did not prepare accordingly before changing the law, and then he did not get the support of the people, and his change had a lot of drawbacks, so in the end it led to failure.

The reasons for the failure of Wang Anshi's reform are:

The gap between the advanced nature of the reform and the backwardness of social reality is too large, and the soil for the reform has not been adapted to Wang Anshi's reform is mainly a political impulse to deal with the crisis, rather than the internal needs of economic development.

Regarding the economic content of this change, Huang Renyu commented: 900 years before us, China tried to manipulate state affairs by means of financial control, and the scope and depth of this was not proposed anywhere else in the world at that time.

But modern finance is an all-encompassing and all-powerful organizational force, and its domination must encompass all of its powers, but it cannot compete with other factors similar to it. The feudal system of government of the Song Dynasty was an insurmountable dilemma it faced, and the conclusion is self-evident, and the distortion and failure of the reform are inevitable.

The impact of Wang Anshi's reforms:

The fundamental purpose of Wang Anshi's reform was to change the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty, and to strengthen the ability of external defense and internal bombardment, so as to consolidate and strengthen feudal rule.

It took nearly 15 years from the implementation of the new law to its abolition by the old conservatives. In the past 15 years, after the implementation of each new law, although it has inevitably produced major or minor drawbacks, it has basically achieved some results, and the effect of "enriching the country and strengthening the army" is very remarkable.

Wang Anshi's reform was a political reform in the late Northern Song Dynasty, which caused great controversy and opposition at the time, and ultimately failed for various reasons. So, why did Wang Anshi's reform fail? Here are mine:

First of all, the timing of Wang Anshi's reform was not very appropriate. At that time, although the Northern Song Dynasty was facing pressure from external enemies, it was not very stable internally. Many people are full of doubts and antipathy to this change, and some people even directly oppose it.

Under such circumstances, it is very difficult to get the support of the whole society and it is difficult to really realize it. Second, there may be problems with the specific measures to change the law. In order to strengthen the state's financial and military strength, Wang Anshi adopted many new measures, such as the "Green Seedlings Law," the "Law on Exemption from Military Labor," and the "Law on Protecting Armor."

These measures may be justified in their own right, but in practice, many people have suffered injustice, leading to social dissatisfaction and instability. Thirdly, the difficulties and challenges faced by the reform itself are also the reason for the trouble. Wang Anshi's reform was not only obstructed and sabotaged by external forces, but also faced internal opposition and challenges.

Among them, the contradictions and struggles between the old and new factions are the most intense. These problems have led to great resistance to the implementation of the reforms, and it has also made it difficult for the changes to achieve their original purpose. To sum up, the failure of Wang Anshi's reform was the result of a combination of various reasons, such as timing, measures, and difficulties.

Of course, the evaluation of this change is also controversial, and different historians and opinions have different views on it.