What are the metal powders used in foreign 3D printing?

Sandvik Osprey

Sandvik Osprey, which has the largest market share of metal powders in the world, has developed a range of gas-atomized metal powders for all additive manufacturing, including: selective laser sintering, infiltration, selective laser melting, electron beam melting, direct metal deposition, laser engineered net forming.

American Carpenter Technologies.

carpenter technology

Founded in 1889, Carpenter Technologies specializes in the development, manufacture and sales of special alloys for more than 120 years. Carpenter Technologies manufactures alloys including nickel-based, cobalt-based, titanium, chromium, iron, and more. In the field of additive manufacturing, we mainly supply stainless steel, titanium alloys and tool steel metal powders.

Gikane Hoeganaes

gkn hoeganaes

GKN is a global engineering group whose technology and engineering are at the heart of the products of the world's major manufacturers of automobiles, aircraft and work vehicles. GKN has four business divisions, namely: Geely.

Kane Drivetrains, GKN Powder Metallurgy, GKN Aerospace and GKN Land Systems; It primarily serves the automotive, aerospace, and land systems markets. Gold produced by GKN's Hoeganaes****.

Powders account for more than 50% of the market share in North America, and sales of Hoeganaes****'s products in the European metal powder products market are also growing rapidly.

Hoeganaes primarily supplies titanium alloy metal powders to the additive manufacturing industry 。Its standards meet ASTM requirements.

ap&c(arcam)

AP&C produces metal powders with small particle size distributions, including titanium and other reactive metals as well as high melting point alloys such as nickel-based superalloys and niobium, tailored for additive manufacturing and other powder metallurgy technologies (MIM, coating, HIP).

LPWLPW has developed a full range of powders specifically designed for SLM, LMD and EBM processes. They can also provide customized alloy materials upon request. Including Al, Co, Fe, Ni, Ti alloy and other metal powders.

French Erasteel

erasteel

Erasteel is the world's leading supplier of high-speed steel, tool steel, stainless steel and other special alloy powders. Through its investment in SwedenDerfors' gas atomization equipment provides high-purity metal alloy powders.

It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bayer Group, which mainly produces powders and products of refractory metals, including TA, NB, MO, W, etc., serving electronics, machinery, rechargeable batteries and other industries.

It produces more than 800 atomized alloys and pure metal powders for PM, as well as sintering additives such as nitrides, carbides and sulfides.

Hegnas, Sweden.

The areas in which Hegenas products are used in Sweden include: Powder metallurgy parts, providing the most suitable powder for every part and process, the most famous of which is iron ** powder.

Common materials for 3D printing include nylon glass fiber, durable nylon material, gypsum material, aluminum material, titanium alloy, stainless steel, silver plating, gold plating, and rubber materials.

There are many different technologies for 3D printing. They differ in creating parts in the way of available materials and in different layers.

Due to its good hot meltability and impact strength, ABS material has become the preferred engineering plastic for 3D printing by fused deposition. At present, ABS is mainly pre-made into silk and powdered for use, and the application range covers almost all daily necessities, engineering supplies and some mechanical supplies. PA has high strength and a certain degree of flexibility, so it can be directly used to manufacture equipment parts by 3D printing.

3D printing materials generally include PLA and ABS. Here is an example of Stratasys.

Stratasys PLA is a thermoplastic manufactured from renewable resources with good tensile strength, high stiffness ratio, low melting point and low heat deflection temperature (HDT), which consumes less heat and electricity when printing parts, generates economical design concepts in a short time, and is available in 11 colors, including transparent colors. In addition, Stratasys PLA can maintain good condition at high speeds, not only is the printing speed super fast, but the quality of the printed products is also stable, which is suitable for mass production. Stratasys PLA is commonly used to 3D print transparent prototypes such as tail lights and flashes.

Stratasys ABS-CF10 is an engineering thermoplastic that combines the mechanical properties and ease of use of ABS 3D printing material with the advantages of carbon fiber material to achieve stronger performance than ordinary ABS material. Stratasys ABS-CF10 replaces metal to make molds lighter and more ergonomic. In addition, combined with soluble supports, Stratasys ABS-CF10 can make many complex geometries that machining can't do.

The metal materials that can be printed by 3D printers are:

1. Aluminum alloy;

2. Titanium metal;

3. a die steel;

4. Stainless steel and so on.

The raw materials of metal 3D printing are mainly titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, stainless steels, high-temperature alloys, copper alloys, nickel alloys, etc.

Metal 3D printing technology is selective laser sintering technology, first complete the preliminary graphic design on the computer, in the 3D printer with a high-energy laser to melt plastic, metal or glass powder and other fine particles, so that it becomes the required three-dimensional shape of the slice, the sintering machine through the slices layer by layer accumulation, so as to obtain the required parts.

OK. China's first self-developed micro metal 3D printer was officially released in Qingdao West Coast New Area, Shandong Province on the 5th. At the same time, China's first micro metal 3D printer production line settled in Qingdao Sino-German Ecological Park.

The micro metal 3D printer released this time is developed and manufactured by Beijing ECWON 3D Technology Co., Ltd., and the model is YBRP-140SLM. The 3D printer uses a selective laser hall tung melting mechanism to form metal parts, which can be used for direct after-noise manufacturing of multi-material, high-performance metal parts.

China's first self-developed micro metal 3D printer production line settled in Qingdao Sino-German Ecological Park, which will promote the development process of industrialization, marketization and internationalization of China's micro metal 3D printer.

3D printing in metal.

During the process, various problems can arise, such as porosity.

Residual stress, density, warpage, cracks, and surface finish.

<> capillaries. One thing we need to know is that there will be some small holes in the process of metal 3D printing. When the size of the powder is larger than the layer thickness, or when the laser lap is too sparse, small holes can appear, or the molten metal cannot fully flow into the corresponding area.

Metal 3D printer operators need to adapt equipment for specific materials and tasks. For specific materials and tasks, equipment parameters (e.g., laser power, spot size, spot shape) need to be adjusted to minimize porosity.

Density. Good metal 3D powder fluidity is necessary to ensure the flatness and density of powder laying, which will affect the porosity and density of the product. The higher the density of the metal 3D printing powder, the lower the porosity of the part, and the higher the density of the part, the density of the part is inversely proportional to the porosity.

The more porous a part is, the lower its density and the more likely it is to fatigue or crack under pressure. Therefore, for critical applications, the density of the part needs to be more than 99%. 3D printing usually makes parts step by step by melting metal powder by laser or electron beam, because the metal powder of 3D printing is very small, generally 15 microns to 100 microns, when the laser and electron beam irradiate the metal powder, the powder melts and vaporizes, and the gas flows, causing the powder near the molding path to be washed away, which may lead to tiny pores and defects near the powder molding.

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The problem is that 3D printing products are not particularly strong, and may be affected by external forces, will be affected by the impulse of Wenna, will be easy to break, and the quality is not particularly good. Refer to Jane.

It may affect human health, because in the process of operation, a lot of metal powder will be produced, which may affect nerves, may affect the respiratory tract, and may suffocate; If it is serious, Duan Kai may cause a fire, because the metal powder is only after Zheng Mo encounters an open flame, it may burn, and it may mean that the burning song will occur**.

These problems are Gao Draftsen, there will be quality problems of Jing Eggplant, very soft, can not be used normally, can not contact water, the quality is not particularly good, can not be used for a long time, will be out of Qi Mu is now stuck.

It is necessary to pay attention to the density, the fluidity of the 3D metal powder, the flatness, the porosity, and the stability of the transport chain when making it.

BAI commonly used in 3D printing

The materials are plastic powder materials (du

Nylon zhi (die steel, titanium alloy, aluminum.

DAO alloy to:

The most commonly used photosensitive resins, PLA, ABS, nylon, stainless steel, etc. There are many kinds of materials, you can go to the cloud factory 3D printing platform to see, dozens of materials.

3D printing BAI with different principles

Materials used.

Du is different, there are many types of materials, and the materials used are also different from the application of dao, and they need to be specific to a certain original.

SL process molding material: photosensitive resin composite material.

LOM process molding materials: ceramic, paper.

SLS process molding materials: polymer powder materials, paraffin powder materials, ceramic powder materials, LOM process molding materials: ceramics, paper materials.

FDM process materials: fused filament, FDM ceramic material, wood-plastic composite material, FDM support material.

At present, the light system is more used in the market.

Sensitive resin material. Now slowly upgrade to metal powder and fine sand materials. Among them, the products printed with photosensitive resin materials can be displayed as models and have no other functions.

At present, there are also people on the market who use 3D printing prototype samples to make silicone molds, and then use molds to make rubber products and plastic products. As for metal powder and fine sand materials, most of them are now printed molds, and then molds are used to make products.

Yes, metal 3D printing technology is already a very mature printing technology in China, the main pure printing process is SLM laser selective melting technology and arc technology, the main printing materials of Chunbi are stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, mold pants celery steel, etc.

Of course, a 3D printing technology commonly used in metal 3D printing molding, its technical principle lies in the rapid melting of preset titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy, stainless steel, aluminum and other metal powder materials through fine focusing spots, and the stove shed prints the desired metal products, and its advantage is that the density of the finished product can be as high as 99%. Stratasys' proprietary jetting technology provides a platform for metals to be interesting and extremous, particularly in terms of scalability and low cost of reducing the hidden front.

Printing technology has subverted the traditional way of making and continues to bring people the shock of technological updates. However, can 3D printing technology really replace traditional technology in its entirety? In fact, although the development of 3D printing technology has been relatively mature, the technical bottlenecks and problems it faces also exist, especially in terms of 3D printing materials and speed, which is the direction of current scientific researchers.

In this article, Magic Monkey will give a comprehensive interpretation of 3D printing materials.

1. 3D printing materials.

3D printing materials are an important material basis for the development of 3D printing technology, and to a certain extent, the development of materials determines whether 3D printing can be more widely used. At present, 3D printing materials mainly include engineering plastics, photosensitive resins, rubber materials, metal materials and ceramic materials, in addition, color gypsum materials, artificial bone meal, cell biological raw materials and sugar and other food materials have also been applied in the field of 3D printing. These raw materials used in 3D printing are specially developed for 3D printing equipment and processes, which are different from ordinary plastics, gypsum, resins, etc., and their forms are generally powdered, filamentous, lamellar, liquid, etc.

In general, depending on the type of printing equipment and different operating conditions, the particle size of the powdered 3D printing material used varies from 1 100 m, and in order to maintain good fluidity of the powder, the powder is generally required to have a high degree of sphericity.

1.Engineering plastics.

Industrial plastics for parts and housings are plastics with excellent strength, impact resistance, heat resistance, hardness, and aging resistance. Engineering plastics are currently the most widely used type of 3D printing materials, including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials, polycarbonate (PC) materials, nylon materials, etc. ABS material is a thermoplastic engineering plastic commonly used in the rapid prototyping process of fused deposition modeling (FDM, fused deposition modeling), which has the advantages of high strength, good toughness, impact resistance, etc., and the normal deformation temperature exceeds 90, and can be machined (drilling, tapping), painting and electroplating.

There are many colors of ABS materials, such as ivory white, white, black, dark gray, red, blue, rose red, etc., which are widely used in automobiles, home appliances, and consumer electronics.

PC is a true thermoplastic material that has all the characteristics of engineering plastics: high strength, high temperature resistance, impact resistance, bending resistance, and can be used as a final part. Samples made of PC materials can be directly assembled and used in the transportation and home appliance industries.

The color of PC material is relatively simple, only white, but its strength is about 60% higher than that of ABS material, and it has super engineering material properties, which is widely used in consumer electronics, home appliances, automobile manufacturing, aerospace, medical equipment and other fields.