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How to distinguish between latitude and longitude.

Longitude refers to the number of degrees of longitude.

Latitude refers to the number of degrees of parallel.

The meridian is an indication of the north-south direction.

The parallels are to indicate the east-west direction.

1. Warp. Definition - On a globe, the line connecting the north and south poles. Also known as the meridian.

Characteristics - 1The meridian indicates the north-south direction. 2.Instead of forming a circle, two opposite warp lines form a warp coil. 3.All the warp lengths are equal. 4.All the meridians will merge at the north and south poles.

Degree name - longitude.

Substance - the angle between the plane of the local meridian and the plane of the prime meridian (two angles).

The starting point is the prime meridian, that is, the 0° meridian.

Dividing method - from 0° meridian, 180° to east and 180° to west. East longitude – 0° east of the 180° meridian. West longitude – 0° west of the 180° meridian.

Writing method – It must be marked whether it is east or west longitude. For example, the longitude of Beijing is 116° (or 116°E) east longitude

Identification – the number to the right (east) is larger and larger for east longitude; The number to the left (west) is getting larger and larger for the west longitude.

Purpose: Divide the Earth - It is customary to divide the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres according to the meridian coils of 20°W and 160°E.

Judgment direction - the meridian line indicates the north-south direction.

Constant distance - the horizontal distance of one latitude on the same meridian is about 111 kilometers.

Second, the weft. Definition – a line parallel to the equator on a globe; That is, the line that is perpendicular to the meridian direction.

Characteristics - 1The parallels indicate the east-west direction. 2.All call themselves circles - weft coils. 3.The equator is the longest, and the parallels are getting smaller and smaller towards the poles. 4.All the parallels are parallel to each other.

Degrees - Latitude.

Substance - the angle between the line from the local point to the center of the sphere and the plane of the equator (line-plane angle).

The starting point is the equator, which is the 0° parallel.

Partition method - from the equator to the south pole and the north pole are divided into 90°. North latitude – 90° north of the equator. South latitude – 90° south of the equator.

The writing method must indicate -—— whether it is north or south. For example, the latitude of Beijing is 40° north latitude (or 40°N).

Identification – the number is getting bigger and bigger north to the north latitude; The number is getting bigger and bigger south to the southern latitude.

Purpose: Divides the earth -—— the equator divides the earth into the northern and southern hemispheres. According to latitude: low latitude: 0°-30°, middle latitude 30°-60°, high latitude 60°-90°.

Direction – The parallels indicate the east-west direction.

Constant distance - the horizontal distance of one latitude on the same meridian is about 111 kilometers. The horizontal distance of one longitude at the equator is about 111 kilometers.

It's a very simple question, because two points, no matter what, they can't be separated by more than 180, and the sum of a meridian coil is exactly equal to 180, for example, 100 degrees east longitude and 70 degrees west longitude, 100 degrees east longitude corresponds to 80 west longitude, and 70 degrees west longitude is east of 80 west longitude (so close, at the same time west longitude, it should be understandable), so 100 degrees east longitude is east of 70 degrees west longitude. If it is 90 west longitudeWest longitude 90 is west of West longitude 80.

So 90 degrees west longitude is 100 degrees east longitude.

Maybe you look confused, draw a few warp coils by yourself and think about it.

Upstairs also said a knowledge point, to see which point is in the east and west, according to the inferior arc.

1. This problem is because the earth is spherical, and then the longitude difference between the two places cannot be greater than 180 ° when looking at the direction, as for why I am not very clear, we must look at the bearing from the inferior arc, that is, the small surplus of 180 °.

2,3,These two questions are opposite, you think, the sum of the longitude of the two places is greater than 180 °, then at least one place of longitude is greater than 90 °, let me give you an example: for example, it is 100 east longitude and 90 west longitude, then the longitude of the two places is greater than 180, and now the east and west longitude division line of the earth comes to mind, is it 0 and 180? Then according to what I told you in the first question, you must look at the direction from the direction of the inferior arc, so if you see the east longitude 100 from the west longitude 90, is it greater than 180 (it is not the inferior arc), so it must be the other way around, from the east longitude 100 to the west longitude 90, the middle crosses the 180 dividing line, from east longitude 100 to 180 is 80, and then from 180 to west longitude 90 is 90, then 80 plus 90 is 170, which is a small surplus of 180, so the west longitude is located in the east.

I don't know if you understand. I hope you can understand and understand geography!

East of 0 degrees is east longitude, and west is west longitude.

180 degrees east is the west longitude, and west is the east longitude.

The first big question is the first small question for you to draw, you won't use drawing software, you will just look at it, I hope you can understand, the second small question is to fill in the picture against the textbook, the second big question is that the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, Shanghai has the shortest day, Australia has the longest day, I hope it can help you.

31: aClearly.

32:C You have to know that the Northern Hemisphere has a lot of precipitation at that time in the summer, so you can exclude option A, and if you want to do so, the precipitation can not be so average, and B can't find it there, so it has a continental climate and little rain throughout the year.

33：a34：a

35:d36:b There should be no sub-zero in the tropics, the southern temperate zone should have the lowest temperature in July, and the lower limit of the northern cold zone should be lower, the upper limit is too high.

38:d The Tibetan Plateau should be a topographical factor, b is a latitude factor, and c is a land and sea factor.39:d The black people in the Americas were all transported from Africa.

Let's shoot it separately, I can't see it very clearly.

1: Tropical rainforest climate, tropical Pyopa desert climate.

The savannah is a hidden climate, and the Mediterranean climate is the hall.

2：a, 'd

(1) Topographic area: Western Siberia; Mongolia; Tibetan.

Rivers: Yenisei River; Yangtze; Mekong.

2) plateaus, mountains; high in the middle, low on all sides; It diverts radially to all sides.

3) tropical rainforest climate; temperate continental climate; Arctic climate.

1. West Siberian Plain; Inner mongolia; Tibetan;

Yenisei River; Yangtze; Mekong.

2. Mountains; high in the middle, low on all sides; Radial.

3) tropical rainforest climate; temperate continental climate; Subarctic coniferous climate Polar climate.

There is no third question in the 1-5 C D B C paper.

6-10 a c d c b

11-13 b c c