The key areas of the Twelfth Five Year Plan for the development of energy conservation and environ

Strengthen industrial energy conservation. Highlight the energy-saving work of key energy-consuming industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, coal, electric power, petroleum and petrochemical, chemical industry, building materials, and enterprises with an annual energy consumption of more than 10,000 tons of standard coal, organize and implement energy-saving actions of thousands of enterprises, and promote enterprises to actively adjust their product structure, accelerate energy-saving technological transformation, and reduce energy consumption.

Promote energy efficiency in buildings. Vigorously develop energy-saving and land-saving buildings, promote the strict implementation of the design standard of 50% energy saving for new residential and public buildings, and take the lead in implementing the standard of 65% energy saving in municipalities directly under the Central Government and qualified areas. Promote energy-saving renovation of existing buildings.

Vigorously develop new wall materials.

Strengthen energy conservation in transportation. Actively promote the construction of energy-saving comprehensive transportation system, accelerate the development of railways and inland waterway transportation, give priority to the development of public transportation and rail transit, accelerate the elimination of old railway locomotives, automobiles and ships, encourage the development of energy-saving and environmentally friendly means of transportation, and develop and promote alternative fuels and clean fuel vehicles.

Guide commercial and residential energy conservation. Promote the use of high-efficiency and energy-saving office equipment, household appliances, and lighting products in public facilities, hotels, commercial buildings, office buildings, and residential buildings.

Do a good job of energy conservation in rural areas. Accelerate the elimination and renewal of high-energy-consuming and backward agricultural machinery and fishing boat equipment, speed up the renewal and transformation of agricultural water lifting, drainage and irrigation mechanical and electrical facilities, vigorously develop rural household biogas and large and medium-sized livestock and poultry farm biogas projects, promote provincial firewood and coal-saving stoves, and develop small hydropower, wind energy, solar energy and crop straw gasification centralized gas supply systems in accordance with local conditions.

Promote the energy conservation of the best institutions. Departments and leading cadres at all levels should start from themselves, strictly economize, and play an exemplary role in energy conservation work. Focus on the energy-saving transformation of institutional buildings and heating, air conditioning and lighting systems, as well as the energy-saving of office equipment, take measures to vigorously promote energy-saving procurement, and steadily promote the reform of official vehicles.

Answer]: a, c, d, e

The test point involved in this question is the content of adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure. Adjust and optimize the content of the industrial structure: (1) curb the excessive growth of high-energy-consuming and high-emission industries; (2) Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity; (3) Promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries; (4) adjust the energy structure; (5) Increase the proportion of emerging industries in the national economy of the service industry.

For papermaking, printing and dyeing, chemical industry, electric power, iron and steel, cement.

and other key industries have put forward the requirements for total control and the requirements for the control of nitrogen oxides in motor vehicles and ships. Pay more attention to source control and process control, and propose to increase the elimination of backward production capacity, rationally regulate and control the total energy consumption, implement the strategic adjustment of energy structure, and explore the regulation and control of the total number of urban motor vehicles. At the same time, it is proposed to take the total amount control requirements of major pollutants as the basis for decision-making in regional and industrial development, and implement regional approval restrictions for localities that have not completed their emission reduction tasks.

You can refer to"Interpretation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Protection"."

In terms of planning objectives, we have preliminarily proposed that by 2020, the total amount of major pollutant emissions will be significantly reduced, the living environment will be significantly improved, the stability of the ecosystem will be enhanced, the quality of the radiation environment will continue to be good, and important breakthroughs will be made in laws and regulations such as ecological governance, environmental supervision and administrative law enforcement systems and mechanisms, environmental resource audits, and environmental responsibility assessments. The institutional system of ecological civilization has been basically established, and the level of ecological civilization is compatible with that of a well-off society in an all-round way.

In terms of specific indicators, we propose that preliminary consideration should be given to the establishment of a comprehensive index system that takes environmental quality improvement as the main line, adapts to the new expectations of society, combines countries, regions and cities, and reflects the progress of pollution control and emission reduction, risk prevention, spatial optimization and institutional construction, mainly including constraints, expectations and guiding indicators. The first is to establish a dual-constraint index system for environmental quality and total emissions. The second is to build a synergistic index system of all elements that supports the synchronization of the four modernizations.

The third is to reflect the classification management of zoning. Fourth, highlight the controllability of reach. Fifth, improve the predictability of indicators.

Sixth, it is necessary to be close to the feelings of the masses.

Specific to the quality of the water environment: the water quality of urban centralized drinking water sources is stable and up to standard, the inferior five types of water bodies are basically eliminated, there are no black and odorous water bodies in the city, the current water quality is better than that of Class III water bodies to remain stable, and the water quality of coastal waters has been slightly improved. In terms of air quality:

The air quality of cities above the prefecture level has been significantly improved, the number of heavily polluted days has been reduced by 60%, the concentration of inhalable particulate matter and fine particulate matter has decreased by more than 30%, and the average concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone have reached the standard. In terms of soil environmental quality, the national soil environmental quality compliance rate of cultivated land is not less than 82%, the soil environmental safety guarantee rate of new construction land is 100%, 200 pilot projects for comprehensive soil pollution control have been completed, and 6 regional soil comprehensive treatment demonstration areas have been completed.

In terms of ecological environment, the area of soil erosion has decreased, the ecosystem has remained stable, and the ecological service function has improved. Environmental risk prevention and control:

The number of major environmental emergencies has dropped significantly, environmental and population health risks have been effectively controlled, and the environmental emergency management system has been basically improved. In terms of nuclear and radiation environment, the safety level of nuclear facilities has been further improved, the level of radioactive pollution prevention and control has been comprehensively improved, the quality of the radiation environment has continued to be good, and nuclear safety has been guaranteed.