According to the characteristics of Chinese vocabulary, what criteria do you think is needed to clas

The criteria for dividing word classes should be the same, that is, according to the grammatical function. It's just that the grammatical function of words in English is relatively neat, while the grammatical function of words in Chinese is not neat.

The main reason for the difference is that Chinese and English belong to different language families, so English tends to be formalized and phonetic. The formalization of Chinese is limited, it is a phonetic and ideological, and the Chinese characters themselves have rich connotations.

The class of speech is the result of the classification of words, and it is the object of all words. The part of speech is the result of categorization, and it is the object of individual words. For example, we assign a specific word "table" to a certain class of speech (noun) according to the set of grammatical features it exhibits.

Therefore, we can say that "words" and not "nouns" have "noun parts of speech". It can only be said that the "noun word class" has "noun characteristics", but it cannot be said what grammatical characteristics the "noun parts of speech" have.

Words with the same grammatical properties have something in common in the grammatical sense, such as "school, person, table" all denote affairs, and are all nouns. "Walk, like, grow" all mean action, behavior, change, are all verbs. "Red, pretty, clean" are all states, all adjectives.

This approach is intuitive, so some people think about meaning when classifying.

But we can't say the other way around, the word that denotes a transaction is a noun, the word that denotes a change in action behavior is a verb, and the word that denotes a state of nature is an adjective. Because meaning, as a criterion, is not a grammatical classification but a logical classification. This can lead to inconsistencies in the grammatical properties of words in their grammatical structure.

For example, "red" and "red" are both colors in the sense, but "red" can be used as a predicate: "the flower is very red".

Can be very limited "very red". It is possible to overlap the "red face". Red is an adjective.

However, "red" can only be the subject, the object, and cannot be modified by "very". It's not an adjective, it's a noun. It is not feasible to divide the classes of words in Chinese in terms of meaning.

The criteria for dividing word classes in Chinese mainly include three aspects: the meaning of words, the form of words, and the grammatical function of words, not only grammatical differences.

1. In sense, words can be divided into two categories, the first category is real words, their meaning is very real, they refer to physical objects, numbers, forms, actions, etc.; The second category is imaginary words, which have very ethereal meanings, especially when they are independent.

2. Morphologically speaking, it is to divide the class of words according to the morphology of the word. For example, the addition of nouns and pronouns to "we" produces a change from singular to plural. Because there are few morphological changes in Chinese words, in actual analysis, morphology is just a sign of function.

3. In terms of grammatical function, the grammatical function of Chinese words is first manifested as whether they can act as syntactic components. Solid words that can act as syntactic components on their own. It cannot be used as a virtual word for the syntactic component on its own.

The different grammatical functions of real words are reflected in the ability to combine words and words, and the different grammatical functions of virtual words are manifested in the different relationships between virtual words and real words or phrases.

The above three criteria for the division of Chinese word classes are not parallel, the meaning of words is the auxiliary criterion, the morphology of words is the reference criterion, and the grammatical function of words is the main criterion. The grammatical function of words reflects the expressive function of words, which is comprehensive, and therefore the main criterion for dividing the classes of speech.

In the division of Chinese, the standard of word classes is that there are differences in pronunciation and grammatical order, not only grammatical differences.

What is the standard of the woman's strength, is there only a grammatical difference? That's definitely not all, only you put her and there are many differences, and its standards are different.

The main basis for the classification of Chinese word classes is as follows:

1.A word class is a grammatical classification of words, a category in which words are represented in their grammatical structure.

2.The main basis for the classification of Chinese word classes is the grammatical function of words. The grammatical function of words includes the ability to combine words with each other, and the ability of words to act as sentence components in sentences.

3.The Chinese language lacks the universality and compulsion of morphological changes, and only a few words have morphological signs, and morphological changes do not occur when words in Chinese are composed of different components. Therefore, according to the morphological characteristics, only a small number of words with morphological components in Chinese can be classified, but the categories of words without morphological components cannot be determined.

The morphological characteristics of the Chinese language can only be used as a reference basis for the division of word classes.

Classes of speech are the result of word classification and are governed by all words. A class of speech is the result of classifying a single word. For example, we take a particular word "table" and classify it as a part of speech (noun) based on the grammatical features it exhibits.

Therefore, we can replace "noun" with "xx word", which has "letter noisy noun part of speech". It can only be said that "noun character" has "noun character characteristics", but it cannot be said that "noun character" has any grammatical characteristics. Grammatically, words can be classified by completely different criteria.

It can change in the sense of the category or in the external form.

Modern. Vocabulary can be divided in terms of nature, structure, and meaning.

1. In terms of nature, modern Chinese vocabulary can be divided into basic vocabulary and general vocabulary. Basic vocabulary is the most important part of vocabulary, and together with grammar, it forms the foundation of language. Some of the basic vocabulary are words that express things in nature:

Heaven, earth, wind, clouds, fire, thunder, electricity, etc.; Some express the means of life and production.

Words: rice, lamp, vegetable, cloth, knife, pen, car, electricity, etc. General vocabulary is a vocabulary other than the basic vocabulary in modern Chinese. The general vocabulary is characterized by not having as much solidity as the basic vocabulary, but it has a lot of flexibility.

2. Structurally, modern Chinese vocabulary can be divided into simple words and compound words. Simple words.

by a morpheme.

Composed individually, this morpheme is a free non-localized morpheme, which is monosyllabic.

Mainly, there are also double syllables.

of and polysyllabic. For example: Horse, Rugged, Olive, Butterfly, Coffee, Plop, Grandma.

The whole word of a simple word can only mean one meaning and cannot be taken apart. A compound word is a word that consists of two or more morphemes. In modern Chinese vocabulary, compound words account for the vast majority.

In compound words, most of them are composed of two morphemes, and more than two morphemes are minority. There are three main ways to form compound words: compound, additive, and overlapping.

3. In terms of word meaning, modern Chinese vocabulary can be divided into synonyms.

and antonyms. A synonym is a word that has the same or similar meaning. Some synonyms express exactly the same meaning, but there are differences in style and color, such as "bicycle" and "bicycle", "what" and "what", the meaning is the same, but the former is used in Mandarin, and the latter has a slight dialect color; "Birthday" and "birthday", "father" and "dad", also have exactly the same meaning, but the former is used in written language and appears very solemn, while the latter is used in colloquial language and is used casually.

Antonyms are words that have opposite or relative meanings.

Some antonyms indicate completely opposite meanings, such as "right" and "wrong", "true" and "false", "life" and "death", and "movement".

and "quiet", etc., each group of words expresses two contradictory concepts, either/or.

Some antonyms indicate that the meaning is not opposite, but relative, such as "black" and "white", "sweet" and "bitter", "up" and "down", "big" and "small", and so on.

Knowledge of modern Chinese vocabulary.

The characteristics of modern Chinese are mainly manifested in three aspects:

1. Phonetics: there are no compound consonants, vowels are dominant, syllables are neat and concise, and there is tone.

2. Vocabulary: there are many monosyllabic morphemes, two-syllable words are dominant, the root compound method is widely used in word formation, and there are many homophones.

3. Grammatical: The means of expressing grammatical meaning in Chinese are not very formal, and the structural principles of words, phrases and sentences are basically the same. The relationship between parts of speech and syntactic components is complex, and quantifiers and modal words are very rich.

A common language is formed on the basis of a dialect, which is called a base dialect. Which dialect can become the basis dialect of a common language depends on the political, economic, cultural, demographic and other factors of the dialect area.

What are the main characteristics of Chinese characters.

Text: Zhang Min. Chinese characters are flat square scripts; Chinese characters are ideographic characters, and there is a certain justification between the morphological and phonetic meanings of Chinese characters. Chinese characters are recorded in Chinese, and word segmentation is not practiced. In form, Chinese characters gradually changed from graphics to strokes, pictograms to symbols, and complex to simple.

1. Characteristics of Chinese characters.

The shape of a Chinese character is a square flat type.

Written symbols, everyone is clear, one is the combination of letters (Latin, Slavic, Arabic) are all linear characters. Chinese characters are different from these characters, they are a kind of flat square words, Chinese characters are different from other alphabetic characters, they are a combination of lines arranged, but the number of strokes is limited in a square, and it will definitely not be like the arrangement of letters, the length is different, so Chinese characters have a name "square word".

Chinese characters are relatively stable.

The function of writing must be stable, otherwise it will inevitably lose its function as a society. From a historical point of view, although the speed of change is slow, it is not static, even if it changes, it is extremely small, such as "people, mountains, woods" and so on, although these fonts have changed, but the internal structure has basically not changed.

Chinese characters have their basis.

The structure of Chinese characters reveals rich cultural connotations, such as the words that represent mental activities, all add the word "heart" as a side, such as "Yi, fear, worry", etc., all of which have a great relationship with psychological activities, and for example, next to the word "Yan", most of them are related to language, such as "language, discussion, discussion" and so on. These Chinese characters all have their own meanings and connotations.

Phonology.

1) There are no compound consonants.

2) Vowels predominate.

3) The syllables are neat and concise.

4) There is a tone.

Vocabulary aspects. 1) There are many monosyllabic morphemes, and two-syllable words are dominant.

2) Extensive use of root compound method in word formation.

3) There are many homophones.

Grammatical aspects. 1) The means of expressing grammatical meaning in Chinese are not very morphological, and word order and virtual words are the main means of expressing grammatical meaning.

2) The structural principles of words, phrases, and sentences are basically the same.

3) The relationship between parts of speech and syntactic components is complex.

4) Measure words and modal words are very abundant.

Chinese characters are ideographic morpheme scripts. This is the basic characteristic that distinguishes him from purely phonetic phonemic or syllabic scripts. From this basic point of view, the teaching of Chinese characters should correctly evaluate and make full use of the ideographic role of Chinese characters, and at the same time, the teaching of Chinese characters should be strengthened to make up for the shortcomings of the weak phonetic function of Chinese characters.

The main reason why there are differences in the classification of words in Chinese is that the standards for the division of words are inconsistent.

Most scholars believe that the classification of Chinese words is the grammatical classification of words, and the classification criteria of word classes are to see what grammatical components the word can play in the sentence, and to look at the functional categories of the word in the grammatical structure, including the ability to combine words, the ability to bear the components of sentences, and the characteristics and meanings of morphological changes. This is often referred to as the functional standard.

Others argue that Chinese should be classified according to the morphological criteria of words. It has also been argued that the Chinese language should be classified according to the criterion of the meaning of words. There is some truth to these claims, but none of them are as convincing as classifying words according to their functional criteria.

Chinese word classes.

a.Stability, universality, and productivity.

b.Stability, national character, and national character.

c.Stability, abundance, and producibility search the town.

d.General, universal, producible.

Correct answer: stability, universality, productivity.