Are isomers homocompounds?

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Chemically, an isomer is a compound with the same chemical formula, the same chemical bond, and a different arrangement of atoms. To put it simply, the phenomenon that compounds have the same molecular formula but have different structures is called isomerism; Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures are isomers of each other. Many isomers have similar properties.

The composition and molecular weight of isomers are exactly the same, while the structure of the molecules is different, and the physical and chemical properties are also different, such as ethanol and methyl ether.

As the name suggests, there are the same molecular formula, different structures. Butane and isobutane are isomers.

Although the composition of the two butanes is the same, the binding order of the atoms in the molecular formula is different, that is, the molecular structure is different, so their properties are different and belong to two different compounds!

No, mixed together is a mixture.

No, it's a different substance with the same molecular formula.

Question 1: How many isomers are there and what are they?

Question 2: What is the difference between isomers and their counterparts? 1.

Isomers refer to a class of substances with the same molecular formula but different structures (i.e., different arrangements of atoms), which are called isomers to each other. The number and position of the branched chains, the type and position of functional groups of isomers can be different. For example, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol and ether have the molecular formula of C4H10O, and they are isomers of each other.

2.Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are object and mirror images of each other, and are called enantiomers (enantiomers for short).The number of branches, the position, and the type of functional groups must be the same, but they are never completely consistent.

To put it simply, the relationship between two isomers is like the three-dimensional structure of an object looking in a mirror, and the three-dimensional structure and its image in the mirror are enantiomers of each other. Or take a look at your left and right hands! Contact:

Substances that are enantiomers of each other must be isomers, but isomers that are isomers of each other are not necessarily enantiomers.

Question 3: What is the change in the transformation between isomers Isomers are also known as isomers. In chemistry, it refers to molecules that have the same molecular formula; The chemical bonds between atoms are also often the same; But the arrangement of the atoms is different.

In other words, they have different "structural formulas". Many isomers have the same or similar chemical properties. The phenomenon of isomerism is one of the reasons for the large variety and quantity of organic compounds.

The composition and molecular weight of isomers are exactly the same, but the structure, physical properties and chemical properties of the molecules are different, and isomers are referred to as isomers.

Isomers in organic matter are divided into two categories: tectonic isomerism and stereoisomerism. Having the same molecular formula but having a different order of attachment of atoms or groups in a molecule is called tectonic isomerism. In molecules, atoms bind in the same order, but atoms or clusters of atoms differ in their relative positions in space, which is called stereoisomerism.

Tectonic isomerism is further divided into (carbon) chain isomerism, positional isomerism and functional group isomerism (heteroisomerism). Stereoisomerism is further divided into conformational and configuration isomerism, and configuration isomerism is also divided into cis-trans isomerism and optical rotation isomerism (also known as enantiosterism).

Question 4: What is the isomer of the amyl group?

Question 5: What is the difference between isomers and allotropes? Isomeric II is the name given in organic compounds.

Allotropes are the term used in inorganic compounds to refer to different forms of the same element (such as oxygen and ozone).

The phenomenon of isomerism is common in organic matter, and it is also an important reason for the wide variety and large number of organic matter. The vast majority of organic matter has isomers present. Especially when the number of carbon atoms is larger, the number of isomers is also larger.

This knowledge point is the knowledge of the college entrance examination.

First, common isomers.

1. There is no organic matter with isomers.

Alkanes: methane, ethane, propane.

Olefins: ethylene.

Alkynes: acetylene.

Halogenated hydrocarbons: monochlorodichlorotrichlorotetrachloromethane.

2. Isomers of alkanes.

There are 2 types of butane: n-butane and isobutane.

There are 3 types of pentane: n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane.

There are 5 kinds of hexane and 7 kinds of heptane.

3. Alcohol and ether.

Alcohols and ethers with the same number of carbon atoms are isomers of each other. For example, ethanol and methyl ether, butanol and ether.

4. Carboxylic acids and esters.

Carboxylic acids and esters with the same number of carbon atoms are isomers of each other. For example, acetic acid and methyl formate, butyric acid and ethyl acetate.

5. Aldehydes and ketones.

Aldehydes and ketones with the same number of carbon atoms are isomers of each other. For example, propionaldehyde and acetone.

6. Glucose and fructose.

The molecular formula is C12H22O11. Glucose contains 5 hydroxyl groups and one aldehyde group, which is an aldose sugar, a reducing sugar, which can undergo a silver mirror reaction, which can make the new copper hydroxide suspension react to form a brick-red precipitate; Fructose contains 5 hydroxyl groups and one ketone carbonyl group and is ketose.

7. Maltose and sucrose.

The molecular formula is that maltose is hydrolyzed to produce 2mol glucose, and 1mol sucrose is hydrolyzed to produce 1mol glucose and 1mol fructose.

Note: Starch and cellulose, although the general formula is the same, are not isomers! Not isomers! Not isomers! Tell the important thing three times.

Second, the number of isomers of C3H7X and C4H9X.

X can be halogen atoms like F, Cl, Br, or other functional groups like Oh, Cooh, Cho, etc.

1, There are 2 types of C3H7. There are two isomers of C3H7Cl, C3H7OH, C3H7CHo, etc.

2, There are 4 types of C4H9. C4H9Cl, C4H9OH, C4H9Cho, C4H9Cooh, etc. all have 4 isomers.

Third, the number of isomers of C4H8Cl2.

1. There are 4 kinds of C4H9, that is, there are 4 kinds of C4H9Cl. Then each isomer is taken out, the second cl atom is drawn, the duplicates are excluded, and a total of 9 isomers (4+2 3 9) are calculated.

2. Types of glutaric acid.

C5 removes 2 carboxyl groups, leaving C3H7 with 2 species, while dichlorolate has 4 species. So there are 4 types of glutaric acid.

3. Types of adipic acid.

C6 removes two carboxyl groups, and C4 remains, and there are 8 dichloride compounds of C4. So there are 8 isomers of adipic acid that belong to carboxylic acids.

Isomers can be either the same or different substances.

There are several different types of isomerism: carbon frame isomerism, configuration isomerism, stereoisomerism, and conformational isomerism. Among them, the first three isomers are considered to be different substances, and the chemical and physical properties between them are quite different.

The conformational isomerism is due to the different degrees of rotation of the sigma bonds in the same molecule under different conditions, resulting in differences in their spatial conformation. This difference has much less influence on its chemical and physical properties than the first three categories. Such isomers are generally considered to be still homogeneous.

Structural isomerism, configuration isomerism, and conformational isomerism are all isomeric isomerism, with the same molecular formula, and the main distinguishing trace is the different arrangement of atoms in the molecule.

1. Structural isomerism: it has the same molecular formula, but the bonding mode is different, and the order and mode of atom or group connection are different.

The functional groups in the figure below are positionally heterogeneous.

2. Configuration isomerism: the isomerism phenomenon caused by the different spatial arrangement of atoms in macromolecules. These include cis-trans isomerism and enantiomer (also known as optical isomerism). cis-2 butene and trans-2 butene are shown in the figure.

3. Conformational isomerism: the molecular formula is the same, the bond posture is the same, and the atomic space orientation is different, but it can be transformed into each other by rotating one or more sigma bonds. In the figure below, ethane has two conformations: overlapping and crossing.

Isomers are not homogeneous substances.

Isomers are substances with the same molecular formula but different structures, which are called isomers. Such as 1-propanol and 2-propanol, they are isomers, but not the same substance.

Definition of homologues: substances with similar structures and differing by one or more clusters of CH2 atoms in molecular composition are called homologues to each other.

Note: The structure is similar; one or more clusters of CH2 atoms differ; and the same general formula. All three of the above are indispensable.