Adult anemia is found to be a lack of B12 in the body, and there are several reasons for the lack of

Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Pernicious Anemia In most cases, vitamin B12 deficiency occurs because the stomach does not produce enough of a substance called intrinsic factor (IF), which is necessary for the body to absorb vitamin B12. The resulting anemia is called pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease.

Under normal circumstances, a substance called an antibody produced by the body's immune system attacks foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakes the body's own tissues for foreign substances and attacks them. In pernicious anemia, antibodies damage the cells in the stomach that produce intrinsic factor.

The cause of pernicious anemia is unknown. It usually occurs in people over the age of 50 and there is a tendency for familial clusters to predispose the disease. If not, pernicious anemia can be life-threatening.

Other causes of B12 deficiency Parasites or certain bacteria that interfere with absorption in the small intestine can cause malabsorption of vitamin B12. Crohn's disease, a disease of the small intestine, can also interfere with vitamin B12 absorption. Vitamin B12 deficiency has also been linked to poor pancreatic function, liver damage (caused by excessive alcohol consumption), gastrectomy (surgery to remove part or all of the stomach), and long-term use of certain medications for stomach ulcers.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is mainly caused by too little food content, increased demand, intestinal malabsorption and transfusion disorders. The details are as follows: Malnutrition:

lack of animal protein in food, long-term vegan diet; Increased physiological needs or pathological consumption: pregnancy, hemolytic anemia, infection, hyperthyroidism, malignant tumors, etc.; Malabsorption: Lack of intrinsic factor:

pernicious anemia, after gastrectomy; Intestinal diseases: after ileal resection, segmental ileitis, small intestine malignant tumor, intestinal tuberculosis, small intestinal granulation tumor lesions, gastric-jejunal-colonic fistula or ileum-colon fistula after surgery, etc.; Malabsorption syndromes: glue enteropathy, celiac disease, tropical sprue; congenital vitamin B12 receptor deficiency; Parasites or microorganisms take up vitamin B12:

Such as Schizocephalic brevifolia, diverticular bacterial infection, and intestinal blind flex syndrome; Drugs affect absorption: neomycin, colchicine, p-aminosalicylic acid, etc.; Intestinal factors: Zo Llinger-Ellison syndrome, chronic pancreatic insufficiency; Transmission disorders:

Transcobalamin deficiency.

It can cause symptoms of anemia.

However, B12 is generally difficult to lack, and the content in human food is not high, but it has a wide range.

The body's B12 is recycled (i.e. reabsorbed in the intestines), and studies have shown that if you don't consume B12, symptoms will occur about 6-10 years later.

A small number of vegetarians develop B12 deficiency. I am a vegetarian, but I don't have any symptoms because there are still a lot of fermented foods such as shiitake mushrooms, fermented bean curd, and tempeh.

The most obvious is anemia, which I didn't pay much attention to before.

It has been 6 years, and then because of anemia, the menstrual cycle is irregular, coupled with the pressure of studying.

With seborrheic alopecia t t, annoying!!

There are many vitamins that our human body needs, including vitamin B12, if this substance is deficient, the body's hematopoietic function will be affected, and even affect the health of neurovascular.

The chemical structure of vitamin B12 is a group of essentially structurally identical compounds consisting of 4 reduced pyrrole rings forming a slightly porphyrin-like planar ring that binds to a cobalt atom in the center. Neither humans nor animals can synthesize vitamin B12, only certain bacteria and molds in soil, garbage, water, intestines, or double stomachs. Vitamin B12** in humans is found in animal foods such as liver, kidneys, meat, fish, shellfish, poultry eggs and dairy foods.

Vitamin B12 is not found in plant-based foods. In general, normal adults need about 2 5 micrograms of vitamin B12 per day, and infants 1 2 micrograms. Vitamin B12 requirements increase at age when growth and development are faster, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, infections, and hemolytic anemia.

The amount of vitamin B12 consumed by humans from a diet rich in meat or animal food is sufficient to meet the normal physiological needs of the human body. Of course, if you are a vegan, it is inevitable that anemia will occur when the body's vitamin B12 stores run out after a few years. Vitamin B12 is water-soluble.

If the amount of vitamin B12 in the food is insufficient, the free vitamin B12 binds to the intrinsic factor secreted by the cells of the mucosal cavity of the stomach floor. The intrinsic factor was discovered by castle in 1929. Each intrinsic factor binds to 2 vitamin B12 molecules.

This intrinsic factor vitamin B12 complex prevents vitamin B12 from being destroyed by intestinal enzymes in the ileum and taken up by certain bacteria to the tiny villi of the ileal mucosa (which has a special vitamin B12 receptor), and vitamin B12 is absorbed by the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, but intrinsic factor is not. Intrinsic factor is secreted by the same gastric mucosal parietal cells that secrete gastric acid, so its secretion is parallel to gastric acid secretion. Patients with pernicious anemia can produce antibodies against intrinsic factor, which inactivates intrinsic factor.

Vitamin B12 enters the bloodstream, binds to several carrier globulins, and most of it enters the liver through the portal vein for storage, and some is transported to the bone marrow and other organs and tissues such as kidneys, heart and brain. Absorbed vitamin B12 can be excreted from the bile into the intestines, where most of it is reabsorbed. The functions of vitamin B12 are diverse.

In human tissues, there are two biochemical reactions that require the involvement of vitamin B12. One is the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine, in which tetrahydrofolate is produced and is associated with the synthesis of DNA; The other is the conversion of methylmalonic acid coenzyme A to succinate coenzyme A, in which the resulting succinate coenzyme A is involved in the synthesis of heme. When vitamin B12 is deficient, it affects the normal progress of the above two biochemical reactions, reduces tetrahydrofolate and succinate CoA, defects in DNA synthesis and disorders in the synthesis of heme, and causes megaloblastic anemia.

In vitamin B12 deficiency, the survival time of red blood cells is moderately shortened, and although the number of megaloblasts in the bone marrow increases at all stages, it does not compensate, resulting in anemia.

The body is deficient in vitamin B12, these symptoms are obvious, have you noticed?

Present in animal liver, plants do not. Vegetarians are prone to deficiency.

Absorption requires intrinsic factor (protein) secreted by gastric parietal cells, and the deficiency of intrinsic factor in patients with gastritis or gastric disease leads to B12 malabsorption.

Vitamin B12

What it does: This is a vitamin that contains little to no plant food and is the most common vitamin for vegetarians.

Deficiency: It is an essential element for the production of red blood cells, and if severely deficient, can lead to pernicious anemia.

Older people: In the elderly population, 10% of 30% of the elderly suffer from atrophic gastritis. Gastritis will reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid in gastric acid, resulting in a decrease in the absorption of vitamin B12, and the decrease in the concentration of hydrochloric acid also increases the use of vitamin B12 in the growing intestines, which further reduces the amount of vitamin B12 in the body. Since people with atrophic gastritis are unable to absorb vitamin B12 from natural foods, it is recommended that people in the coming years supplement vitamin B12 through fortified foods or nutritional supplements

People suffering from pernicious anemia and gastrointestinal disorders.

People with pernicious anemia or gastrointestinal disorders cannot ensure the normal absorption of vitamin B12 by the stomach and intestines, such as celiac disease and Crohn's disease, and patients may not be able to absorb enough vitamin B12 from food to maintain their health. These should be paid attention to in time, or they may cause Alzheimer's disease in the future.

Those who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery.

Surgery done in the gastrointestinal tract, such as ** surgery or surgery to remove part of the stomach, is often an intrinsic factor that leads to the loss of hydrochloric acid secretion by cells. This not only reduces the amount of vitamin B12, but also imbalances the release and absorption of vitamin B12 in the body. Surgery to remove the end of the ileum may also result in an inability to absorb vitamin B12.

Undergoing these surgeries, both before and after surgery, can lead to deficiencies in several nutrients, including vitamin B12 deficiency.

Vegans are at greater risk of vitamin B12 deficiency than lacto-ovo vegetarians because vegans are deficient in vitamin B12, which is naturally found only in animal foods. Fortified breakfast cereals are one of the few types of vitamin B12 found in plants, so vegans need to supplement them with fortified breakfast cereals or vitamin B12 supplements.

Pregnant and lactating women.

During pregnancy, vitamin B12 crosses between the placenta, while vitamin B12 is also present in breast milk. Women who are exclusively breastfeeding their babies should ensure that the amount of vitamin B12 is maintained, as vitamin B12 deficiency can cause severe or permanent neurological damage to the baby.

Therefore, pregnant and breastfeeding women should ensure that they have enough vitamin B12 so that they can ensure that the baby and baby need the vitamin.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is the only vitamin that contains metallic elements. Vitamin B12 in nature is synthesized by microorganisms, and higher animals and plants cannot make vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is the only vitamin that needs the help of an intestinal secretion (endogenous factor) to be absorbed.

Some people lack this endogenous factor due to gastrointestinal abnormalities, and even if the diet is sufficient, they will suffer from pernicious anemia. Vitamin B12 is largely absent from plant foods. It stays in the intestine for a long time, taking about three hours (most water-soluble vitamins only take a few seconds) to be absorbed.

The main physiological function of vitamin B12 is to participate in the production of bone marrow red blood cells and prevent pernicious anemia; Prevents damage to the nerves of the brain. Vitamin B12 is the latest of the B vitamins to be discovered so far. Vitamin B12 is a polycyclic compound containing 3-valent cobalt, and 4 reduced pyrrole rings are linked together to form a large cyclic (similar to porphyrin), which is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.

Therefore, compounds containing such rings are called gogolines. Vitamin B12 is a light red needle-like crystal, soluble in water and ethanol, the most stable under the condition of weak acid at pH value, decomposed in strong acid (pH<2) or alkaline solution, it can be damaged to a certain extent when heated, but the loss of high-temperature disinfection in a short period of time is small, and it is easy to be destroyed in case of strong light or ultraviolet rays. About 30% of the loss is lost in the ordinary cooking process.

Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency: (1) Yellowing of the eyes and **, unilateral eyelids may twitch. (2) Itching or numbness on the tip of the tongue; whitening of the lips, tongue and gums, bleeding gums; Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the tongue, mouth, and digestive tract.

3) headaches, memory loss, etc.; It is common to feel difficult to breathe after walking. (4) ** Localized (very small) redness and swelling (no pain or itching), accompanied by molting. (5) Tingling and numbness in the hands, numbness in the back of the thighs.

6) Nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss. (7) severe anemia; Women may have menstrual irregularities. (8) Vitamin B12 deficiency in children is manifested in the early stage of abnormal mood, sluggish expression, less crying and less fussing, slow response, love to sleep and other symptoms, and finally will cause anemia.

If the body lacks vitamins, then it is first of all a decrease in resistance, then it is easy to cause other diseases, and the vitamin is a special vitamin. There is no possibility, ** to have spots. It can cause you to become anemic. I hope my answer will help you.

1: Itchy or numb tip of the tongue, white lips, tongue and gums, bleeding gums; Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the tongue, mouth, and digestive tract.

2: **There is a small local redness and swelling, which is not painful or itchy, and is accompanied by molting.

3: Nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss, etc.

The body is deficient in vitamin B12, these symptoms are obvious, have you noticed?

1. The most obvious symptoms are bad breath and tongue pain, and the lack of vitamin B12 will affect the secretion of digestive enzymes. Lack of vitamin B12 will affect the blood supply to the tongue, and the tongue will be painful due to insufficient blood. 2. Vitamin B12 has the effect of regulating the nerves, without it, the nervous system may be abnormal, and you will feel anxious, irritable, depressed, and if you are in negative emotions for a long time, you may have psychological problems.