What were the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty? What are the five famous kilns of the Song Dyna

The five most famous kilns of the Song Dynasty are Ding kiln, Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln and Jun kiln, which have their own characteristics and are the ceramics of the motherland.

Industry has made great contributions, and its formation and emergence are the beginning of Chinese ceramics in the history of world civilization.

1. Ru kiln porcelain: Ru kiln porcelain is mainly celadon, the color is azure, crab claw pattern, fish scale pattern, fragrant gray tire are the characteristics of Ru kiln porcelain.

2. Official kiln porcelain: The official kiln porcelain is black, the glaze is pink and blue, the purple iron foot, the glaze often has a large opening piece, and the type of ware is mostly imitating the ancient bronze style, and the common ones are zun, pot, cong, etc.

3. Brother kiln porcelain: Brother kiln porcelain is similar to the official kiln, some are difficult to separate, brother kiln porcelain is still black and brown fetal, pink and blue glaze, purple iron foot, often accompanied by a small opening piece, there is gold wire in the opening piece, commonly known as gold wire.

4. Jun kiln porcelain: Although Jun porcelain belongs to celadon, its colors are diverse, the glaze is thick, and the earthworm mud pattern is formed in the process of firing, which is also an important basis for identifying Jun porcelain.

5. Dingyao porcelain: Dingyao porcelain is white porcelain, tooth white, white flashing yellow, delicate and white fetal quality, glaze color has white glaze, black glaze, purple glaze, green glaze, etc., mangkou, overburning, inlay is the characteristics of Dingyao porcelain.

The five famous kiln porcelain of the Song Dynasty are Ru kiln and Ge kiln. Fixed kiln. There is also a uniform kiln in the official kiln.

Chai, you. Officer, brother.

Decide. There is also a Jun kiln that is even more valuable.

The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty were: Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln, and Ding kiln.

The theory of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty was first seen in the Ming Dynasty royal collection catalogue "Xuande Dinghe Banquet Yi Spectrum":"The inner library of firewood, Ru, official, brother, Jun, named kiln utensils, elegant style, write the picture into the present. ”

Ru kiln: Ru porcelain is the first of the five famous kilns, the kiln site is in Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County, Henan Province, and belonged to Ruzhou in the Song Dynasty.

Official kiln: The official kiln of the Song Dynasty was directly built by the government, and was divided into the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty and the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Brother kiln: Brother kiln is similar to the official kiln, there are also purple iron feet, there are also open pieces, but so far the kiln site is unknown, and the academic community also has differences about its firing age, some people think that it is not the Song Dynasty, but the Yuan Dynasty.

Jun kiln: The main firing period of Jun kiln is said to be Song, Jin and Yuan, and some scholars believe that the furnishing porcelain that is now designated as the Junguan kiln of the Song Dynasty was fired in the early Ming Dynasty during the Yongle Xuande period.

Dingyao: Dingyao is the earliest kiln to fire imperial porcelain for the Northern Song Dynasty court, and it is also the only kiln to burn white porcelain among the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty.

The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty were Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln, and Ding kiln.

Five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty: Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln, Ding kiln.

The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty refer to the official kiln, the Ge kiln, the Ru kiln, the Ding kiln and the Jun kiln. The eight kiln systems are the designated kiln system, Cizhou kiln system, Yaozhou kiln system, Jun kiln system, Longquan kiln system, Jingdezhen kiln system, Jianyao series and Yue kiln system. There are many porcelain kilns in the Song Dynasty, each with its own characteristics, which is an important historical period in the history of China's ceramics in which famous kilns swarm and famous porcelain emerge one after another.

China's porcelain kiln in the Yuan Dynasty before the distribution of the north and south is more balanced, kiln sites throughout the country, famous kilns are dotted, such as the eight kiln systems of the Song Dynasty mentioned above, that is, there are four major kiln systems in the north and south, and the development of the porcelain industry after the Song Dynasty has been tilted, due to the cause of the war, the economy of the northern region has been seriously damaged, the porcelain industry has declined, the center of gravity of the porcelain industry has moved south, and many potters have moved south.

After the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, with the help of its unique natural resources and skilled craftsmen, has developed by leaps and bounds in the original strong porcelain-making technology, and finally developed into the largest porcelain-making center in the country in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is famous as the "porcelain capital" in the world.

Historical records: According to the "History of Chinese Ceramics", porcelain appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty, more than 1,800 years ago, and the time of the appearance of porcelain was set in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is based on a large number of archaeological data.

In Shangyu, Ningbo, Cixi, Yongjia and other cities and counties in Zhejiang have found the ruins of porcelain kilns of the Han Dynasty, in Luoyang, Henan, Anping, Hebei, Haoxian, Anhui, Yiyang, Hunan, Dangyang, Hubei and other late Eastern Han Dynasty tombs and Gaoyou Shaojiagou Han Dynasty ruins in Jiangsu, porcelain products have been found, and especially in Jiangxi, especially in Zhejiang, more have been found.

Among them, there are celadon jars with linen patterns from the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty "seven years of Yanxi" (164 AD), celadon ear cups, five-link jars, wells, smokers and ghost stoves unearthed from the tomb of "four years of Xiping" (175 AD), celadon jars found in the tomb of "five years of Jiaping", and celadon jars unearthed from the same tomb as the clay pots of Zhushu "the first year of Chuping" (190 AD).

The discovery of these celadon wares with a definite date makes us believe that the invention of porcelain in China will not be later than the end of the Han Dynasty, and it should be more accurate to set it as the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - porcelain kiln.

Dear, hello, the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty refer to Ru kiln, official kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln, and Ding kiln.

The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty were first seen in the Ming Dynasty royal collection catalogue "Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum": "The Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun, and named kiln utensils in the inner library, with elegant styles, are written and presented. ”

The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty include Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln and Ding kiln.

1. Ru kiln

Ru porcelain is the first of the five famous kilns, the kiln site is in Zhanggong Lane, Ruzhou City, Henan Province, with an area of 30 square kilometers, and Yanhe Village, Baochuan Township, a radius of 40 square kilometers, and Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, which was under the jurisdiction at that time. In fact, there has been Ru kiln firing since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, and the late Northern Song Dynasty was its heyday.

Ru kiln is mainly celadon, "glaze azure color", "crab claw pattern", "fragrant gray tire" and "sesame nail" are important bases for identifying Ru kiln.

2. Official kiln

The official kiln is the porcelain fired by some kilns for the court during the Gaozong period of the Southern Song Dynasty, with a funny fool for the royal to pick up and retreat, and was commonly known as the "official kiln" at that time.

The porcelain of the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty follows the style of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is regular and symmetrical, the palace is imposing, elegant and elegant, and meticulous. Because the iron content of the fetal soil is extremely high, the feel is heavy, and the fetal soil is dark black and brown, which is later called "purple iron foot". The glaze is heavy and bright, the glaze is thick like a pile of finger wild fat, warm and moist like jade.

3. Brother kiln

The kiln tires are mostly purple-black, iron-black, and yellow-brown. The glaze is a transparent opaque glaze, the glaze is covered with a layer of crisp, the glaze color is fried beige, gray and green, and the glaze size is combined.

After dyeing, the large grain piece is dark brown, and the small grain piece is yellow-brown, also known as 'gold wire iron wire', "ink pattern plum blossom piece", "leaf vein pattern", "civil and military piece" and so on. This is one of the main characteristics of the kiln. There are all kinds of bottles, stoves, respects, washers, bowls, basins, plates, etc.

Antique shapes are mostly seen, the bottom foot is not very regular, and the glaze is often glazed and brown-eyed.

4. Jun kiln

The main firing period of Jun kiln is said to be Song, Jin and Yuan, and some scholars believe that the furnishing porcelain that is now designated as the Junguan kiln of the Song Dynasty was fired in the Yongle Xuande period in the early Ming Dynasty. Jun kiln has Junguan kiln and Junmin kiln, Junguan kiln site in Yuzhou City, Henan.

The Northern Song Dynasty Jun kiln became controllable, and the earthworm walking mud pattern is one of its characteristics. Strung up with bubbles to form three-dimensional earthworms crawling, frog egg patterns, fish egg patterns wrap the fish roe that are about to hatch, and so on.

5. Fixing the kiln

The Ding kiln was originally a folk kiln, and the court porcelain began to be fired in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. Created in the Tang Dynasty, extremely prosperous in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin, and finally Yuan, known for producing white porcelain, and burning black glaze, sauce glaze and green glaze porcelain, the literature called it "Heiding", "Ziding" and "Green Ding" respectively.

The reason why the kiln can be prominent in the world, on the one hand, is because the tone belongs to the warm white, the thin and lubricated glaze white is slightly yellow, giving people a moist and quiet beauty, on the other hand, because of its good use of printing, carving, scratching and other decorative techniques.

The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty are almost legendary in our real life today, and they have different styles and characteristics. So do you know what are the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty? Let's find out.

What are the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty

Jun kiln in Yuzhou; Ru kiln in Ruzhou; Dingzhou's Dingyao; The official kiln of Bianjing, as well as the brother kiln, are known as the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty. Jun kiln porcelain is a kind of opsene glaze, the glaze also contains a small amount of copper, different from Yaozhou kiln, also different from Ru kiln, fired glaze with red, like the sunset in the blue sky.

Ru kiln is characterized by a glaze that is green and moist, creating a special style of celadon printing. There are very fine stripes all over the body, like ice cracks, crab claws, but there are also cracks. There are small nail burn marks at the bottom.

In the Song Dynasty, the kiln mainly burned white porcelain, and also burned black glaze, sauce glaze, green glaze and white glaze flower deflorator.

The glaze color of the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty is the moon white, followed by pink blue, azure, and emerald green. There are many small cracks on the glaze of the kiln, called a hundred garbage pieces, and the lines are staggered, forming a lot of glaze color to be mainly green, with different shades, but there are also lilac and yellow products.

In general, the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty include Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Ding kiln, and Jun kiln. Do you understand?