How to prevent microorganisms from infecting the human body or polluting the environment during the

In fact, except for mold spores, which are light and easy to fly, other commonly used bacteria will not infect the human body and the environment as long as they pay a little attention.

1.First of all, there must be a special microbiology room for microbial testing operations, at least three buffer rooms, and a clean operating table, in accordance with the provisions of the national drug microbial inspection operation, turn on the ultraviolet lamp in advance to emit ozone, turn on the ventilation, and wipe the contact parts, hands, countertops, bottle mouths, test tube mouths, etc. with alcohol before doing it.

2.After each strain test, alcohol disinfection is used to disinfect the test items for pipetting, and all the bacteria-carrying utensils are taken to the sterilization pot for sterilization. After the experiment, the experimenter washed his hands and wiped them with alcohol for fear of infection.

3.The most important thing to pay attention to is the mold with spores, such as Aspergillus niger, which requires a special operating table, must have ultraviolet light, and can not have ventilation, and need to be fully sealed, only two mouths can reach in, and the ultraviolet lamp should be turned on for more than 30min before and after use to extinguish the microorganisms in the air and on the surface.

As long as the above points are done, basically there will be no impact on the human body and the environment, I have been doing it for more than half a year, sometimes I don't wear a mask (of course, the regulations are to wear it), and the body is not affected by microbial operations, and I do a lot of positive bacteria every day.

Equipped with a biosafety cabinet.

There can be different levels to choose from. It's also important to be careful yourself, so take precautions.

Summary. Do a good job of sterilization;

For aerobic microorganisms, pay attention to contact with air;

Pay attention to waterproofing, moisture is a necessary condition for microbial growth;

control the temperature so that microorganisms do not multiply;

5. Adjust the pH value.

The main measures to prevent microbial contamination are:

1.Do a good job of sterilization; 2.For aerobic microorganisms, pay attention to contact with air; 3.Pay attention to waterproofing, moisture is a necessary condition for microbial growth; 4.control the temperature so that microorganisms do not multiply; 5. Adjust the pH value.

Kiss. Dear I would like to ask how to control the microorganisms in the ointment.

Raw and auxiliary materials: Drugs containing animal organs in raw and auxiliary materials often have gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, and may have salmonella, staphylococcus, etc.; Plant raw materials often carry fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Streptosporium, yeast, etc., and may carry various bacteria in the soil. Raw materials for chemical synthesis contain relatively little bacteria.

The number of microorganisms in water is mainly determined by the water **, treatment method, water supply system status, etc. The pharmacopoeia of each country has made corresponding provisions on the quality and specifications of the water used in the pharmaceutical formulation.

Equipment: If the equipment is not repaired and maintained in time, and the equipment is not cleaned and disinfected after production, it may bring about microbial retention and breeding. If the autoclave of the pharmaceutical factory is improperly installed, resulting in poor exhaust and uneven upper and lower temperatures, resulting in incomplete sterilization, it may cause uncontrollable losses.

Environment: The air contains a variety of microorganisms, and the species and quantities vary greatly depending on the environment. People who are active in the environment have more bacteria; When the humidity is high, it can promote the sedimentation of particles in the environment and the bacterial content will decrease, but high humidity can promote the growth of fungi. The most common microorganisms in the air are bacteria, molds and yeasts that are resistant to drying and drying.

Because the air contains a different number of microorganisms, especially in the unfavorable environment with poor ventilation and dust, in the production of pharmaceutical preparations, microorganisms in the air may enter the raw materials, and the pharmaceutical preparations are polluted, and the degree of pollution is related to the amount of bacteria in the air.

Kiss. Dear, I would also like to ask how to control staphylococcus aureus and mold in ointments.

Dear, I'll check it out.

Measures to kill all microorganisms are called sterilization.

1. The difference between disinfection and sterilization.

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are important aspects of infection prevention and control. It includes measures such as cleaning and disinfection of the internal and external environments of hospitals and beauty salons, disinfection and sterilization of diagnosis and treatment utensils, instruments, and drugs, as well as disinfection and isolation and terminal disinfection of patients who come into contact with infectious diseases.

1. The concept of disinfection and sterilization: disinfection refers to killing or removing pathogenic microorganisms on the transmission medium to achieve harmless treatment. According to whether there is a known source of infection, it can be divided into preventive disinfection and epidemic source disinfection; According to the disinfection time, it can be divided into ready disinfection and terminal disinfection.

Sterilization is the killing or removal of all microorganisms (including spores) from the vector to the point of sterility. Sterilized items are called "sterile articles". It is used for medical equipment that needs to enter the human body, including blood, tissues, and body cavities, such as surgical instruments, injection utensils, and all drainage tubes placed in body cavities, etc., which are required to be absolutely sterile.

In fact, there is a strict distinction between the concepts of "sterilization" and "disinfection". Disinfection is to kill and eliminate all pathogenic microorganisms, while sterilization is to kill bacteria, fungi, etc., and has no effect on viruses; What can be sterilized can generally be sterilized, but what can be sterilized may not be sterilized. Disinfection and sterilization are two different concepts.

Sterilization can include disinfection, but disinfection is not a substitute for sterilization. Disinfection is mostly used for hygiene and epidemic prevention, while sterilization is mainly used for medical care.

2. Concept of sterilization: Sterilization refers to the method of killing or removing all microorganisms. It includes:

1) Physical sterilization method: including dry heat sterilization (including incineration, burning, baking, etc.), moist heat sterilization (including hot pressure sterilization, flow steam sterilization, boiling sterilization, low-temperature batch sterilization and pasteurization), ultraviolet sterilization, filter sterilization, radiation sterilization, microwave sterilization, etc.

2) Chemical sterilization method: including gas sterilization method (such as ethylene oxide, formaldehyde solution heating fumigation, etc.), application of chemical fungicide sterilization method (such as Xinjieer sterilization solution, about 2% phenol or coal phenol soap solution, 75% ethanol, etc.).

Measures to kill all microorganisms are called sterilization.

Sterilization: refers to the method of killing or removing all microorganisms on an object, including bacterial swells that are extremely resistant Sterilization: refers to the method of killing pathogenic microorganisms on an object, and spores or non-pathogenic microorganisms may still survive Antiseptic:

Methods to prevent or inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria in vitro Sterile: refers to the absence of viable bacteria. An operating technique that prevents bacteria from entering the human body or other items, known as aseptic operation.

Disinfection refers to a method that kills pathogenic microorganisms, but not necessarily bacterial spores. Chemical methods are usually used to achieve the effect of disinfection. The chemicals used for disinfection are called disinfectants.

The method of killing all microorganisms (including bacterial spores) on an object is called sterilization, and the purpose of sterilization is usually achieved by physical methods.

Chemical disinfection and sterilization is a method that uses various chemical disinfectants to remove or kill microorganisms.

Chemicals that have a killing effect on microorganisms are called bactericidal.

can be divided into gas sterilants and liquid sterilants. Fungicides are only effective against microbial propagules and cannot kill spores. The killing effect of chemical fungicides mainly depends on the type and number of microorganisms, the smoothness or porosity of the surface of the object, and the properties of the fungicide.

The purpose of chemical sterilization is to reduce the number of microorganisms in order to control a certain sterility.

Summary. We are happy to answer that after the experiment, in order to prevent pathogenic microorganisms from polluting the environment or infecting scientific researchers, the protective measures that should be taken are as follows: do a good job of sterilization.

For oxygen microorganisms, pay attention to contact with air. Moisture is a condition for microbial growth, so pay attention to waterproofing. And the temperature.

After the experiment, in order to prevent pathogenic microorganisms from polluting the environment or infecting scientific researchers, protective measures should be taken.

We are happy to answer for you, after the experiment, in order to prevent pathogenic microorganisms from polluting the environment or infecting scientific research workers, the protective measures that should be taken are as follows: do a good job of sterilization. For positive oxygen microorganisms, pay attention to contact with air.

Water is a condition for microbial growth, so pay attention to waterproofing. And the temperature.

The BSL-1 Experimental Room should provide sufficient space for the installation, cleaning, maintenance, and safe operation of laboratory instruments and equipment. The laboratory should have sufficient space and cabinets to place key laboratory equipment and items. There should be facilities for storing coats and personal belongings outside the work area of the laboratory, and personal clothing should be kept separate from laboratory work clothes.

Places for eating, drinking, and resting should be located outside the work area of the laboratory. Laboratory walls, roofs, and floors should be smooth, easy to clean, leak-proof, and resistant to chemicals and disinfectants. The floor should be non-slip and no carpet should be laid in the laboratory.

Laboratory benches (tables), cabinets and chairs should be stable and sturdy, and the corners should be rounded. The benchtop should be waterproof and moderately resistant to heat, organic solvents, acids and alkalis, disinfectants and other chemicals. Laboratory equipment, cabinets, and items should be reasonably placed according to the nature and process of the work to avoid mutual interference and cross-contamination, and should not hinder escape and first aid.

There should be sufficient spacing between the table (table) cabinet and the equipment to facilitate cleaning.

How to ensure aseptic operation in microbiological testing operations? Anhui Renhe Purification introduces you to the aseptic operation requirements for microbial testing

The main reason for the staff of the microbiology laboratory is to prevent the artificial contamination of the samples during the test operation, and the second is to ensure the safety of the staff and prevent the detected pathogenic bacteria from causing personal contamination due to improper operation. The requirements are as follows:

When inoculating the bacteria, you must wear work clothes and wear a work cap;

When inoculating food samples, special work clothes, caps and slippers must be worn, which should be placed in the buffer room of the sterile room and used after ultraviolet disinfection before work;

When inoculating food samples, wash your hands with soap before entering the sterile room, and then wipe your hands with an alcohol cotton ball;

Straws, plates and culture media used for inoculation must be sterilized and sterilized, unpacked unused utensils cannot be placed before use, and metal utensils should be autoclaved or burned three times with alcohol before use;

When removing the straw from the package, the tip of the straw should not touch the edge of the tube or dish;

When inoculating live bacterial samples, the straw must be sterilized by flame after removing the package and opening the test tube stopper;

The inoculation ring and needle should be burned by flame before inoculating bacteria, and if necessary, burned to the connection between the needle and ring and the rod, and the inoculation ring for inoculating tuberculosis bacteria and virulent bacteria should be boiled in boiling water for 5min, and then cauterized by flame;

When sucking the bacterial liquid or sample with a pipette, it should be sucked with the corresponding rubber tip, and should not be directly sucked by mouth.

1. Do a good job of sterilization;

2. For aerobic microorganisms, pay attention to the contact with the air;

3. Pay attention to waterproof, moisture is a necessary condition for the growth of microorganisms;

4. Control the temperature so that microorganisms cannot multiply;

5. Adjust the pH value to make the environment unsuitable for the growth of micro-car stove organisms.

Bacilli, pigment-producing bacteria and fungal spores are common in outdoor air; There are more microorganisms in indoor air than outdoors, and common pathogenic bacteria in indoor air include Neisseria meningitidis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, hemolytic cocci, diphtheria bacillus, pertussis bacillus, etc.

Pathogenic bacteria in water, such as typhoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, Vibrio cholerae, leptospira, etc., mainly come from human and animal faeces and pollutants.

Biological contamination Biological contamination of food includes contamination by microorganisms, parasites and insects. Microbial contamination mainly includes bacteria and bacterial toxins, molds and mycotoxins, and viruses. In addition to pathogenic bacteria that can cause food poisoning and zoonotic infectious diseases, bacteria that appear in food include non-pathogenic bacteria that can cause food spoilage and can be used as a sign of food contamination.

Viral contamination mainly includes hepatitis virus, poliovirus, and foot-and-mouth disease virus, while other viruses do not multiply easily on food. Parasites and their eggs contaminate food mainly directly through the feces of sick and sick animals or indirectly through water bodies and soils. Insect contamination mainly includes beetles, mites, moths in food, flies and maggots in animal food and fermented food.

Chemical Contamination Chemical contamination of food is a wide range of situations and complexities. Mainly include: pollutants from production, life and environment, such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, N-nitroso compounds, heterocyclic amines, dioxins, trichloropropanol, etc.

Harmful substances dissolved into food when food containers, packaging materials, means of transportation, etc. come into contact with food. Abuse of food additives. Substances produced in the process of food processing and storage, such as harmful alcohols and aldehydes in wine.

Adulteration, substances added in the process of counterfeiting, such as the chemical dye Sudan dye adulterated in paprika.

Physical pollution Some physical pollutants may not threaten the health of consumers, but seriously affect the sensory properties and/or nutritional value of food, mainly including: pollutants from food production, storage, transportation and marketing, such as grass seeds mixed in during grain harvesting, debris in liquid food containers, dust in the process of food transportation and marketing, etc.; Food adulteration is fake, such as sand and gravel mixed into grain, water injected into meat, and a large amount of sugar mixed into milk powder; Radioactive contamination of food mainly comes from the mining, smelting, production, application and accident of radioactive substances.