I want to plant nectarines in greenhouses, but I don t know what variety to choose? I would like to

Selection of nectarine varieties in greenhouses.

The selected varieties are all early-maturing varieties, with excellent quality, storage and transportation, no fruit cracking, and suitable for cultivation in protected areas.

1. Shuguang was bred by Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It is an extremely early ripening yellow-fleshed nectarine. The fruit development period is 60-65 days, the average weight of a single fruit is 122 grams, and the fruit is nearly round, upright and beautiful.

The fruit surface is dark red, shiny, rich in flavor, rich in aroma, and soluble solids are 13%-17%. Excellent quality, self-flowering and fruiting, early fruiting and high yield.

2. Huaguang was bred by Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The fruit is oval, the fruit development period is 60 days, it matures in early to mid-June, the bottom of the peel is white, and the fruit surface is bright rose red. The flavor is sweet, the quality is good, and the soluble solid content is about 13%.

It has pollen, self-flowering orange fruit, good yield, and is an extremely early maturing white-fleshed sweet nectarine.

3. Yanguang was bred by Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The fruit development period is 65 days, the fruit is large, oval, the average single fruit weight is 120 grams, the maximum is more than 150 grams, the fruit background color is white, the face is rose-red, gorgeous and beautiful, the flavor is strong and sweet, there is aroma, the soluble solid content is about 14%, it is a new variety of sweet nectarines that are particularly early ripe, the fruit is large, and the flavor is good.

4. Early red beads were bred by Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The fruit is round-oval. The average weight of a single fruit is 90 grams, and the maximum fruit weight is 130 grams.

The top of the fruit is rounded and flat, the suture is shallow, and it is asymmetrical. The fruit surface is smooth, the background color is yellow-green, and 90% is bright red. The flesh is white, the flesh is fine, juicy, soft solute, the taste is strong and sweet, the quality is excellent, semi-detached, and the fruit development period is 65 days.

The seedlings are semi-finished products, which were introduced from the "Zhongzhou Sweet Nectarine Test Base" in the spring of 1999. The average basal diameter of seedlings is cm.

The main cultivation techniques are described below.

1. Greenhouse construction The greenhouse is a simple solar greenhouse, with a north-south direction, an east-west span of 10 meters and a length of 100 meters. The site should be selected in a place where the terrain is high and dry, flat, the groundwater level is low, the leeward is sunny, the drainage and irrigation is convenient, and the soil is fertile. Generally, it is built by casting and building a reinforced concrete structure, which is easy to make, the pillar is a reinforced concrete column, and the frame material is a bamboo and wood material.

The greenhouse film is made of polyvinyl chloride non-drip film with good light transmittance and low water accumulation, and the phase pressure between the films is set aside to leave a vent and cover it with a hand-pulled straw curtain.

Second, the selection of varieties should be selected suitable for film greenhouse cultivation of early maturity, good quality, high yield, more multiple flower buds, large pollen amount, high self-flowering and fruiting rate, with the advantages of high yield year after year, large fruit, bright color, good taste and other comprehensive traits of excellent varieties.

3. Cultivation density and tree shape should be 2 meters between rows and meters between plants. The height of the fixed drying, the minimum of the foot of the front edge is 30 cm, and the rear aisle is 50 cm; Make it form a slope type, which is conducive to occupying space, improving coverage, and increasing the fruiting part of nectarine. The shape of the tree body is based on the characteristics of the membrane greenhouse structure, which is low in the south and high in the north, and the low in the south should be in the shape of 2 or 3 main branches with a small crown without a lateral heart, and the high in the north should be in the form of a small crown free spindle.

Fourth, the management after planting In the cultivation of nectarines in plastic greenhouses, the method of promoting growth can be used in the early stage to increase the number of branches. From the end of April to the beginning of May, when the new shoots grow to 20 30 cm, 50 grams of urea per plant and irrigation once; At the end of May and mid-June, top dressing and watering were carried out once; From the budding of the peach trees to the end of June, foliar fertilizers, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, are sprayed once every 1 week in combination with sprays.

Observe the growth of the tree, if the growth of the peach tree has been significantly controlled, the treetop part has obviously changed dark green, and the internodes are shortened, no more spraying can be made; If the growth is not controlled, a third spray can be applied. Nectarine trees that have been fruiting for more than 3 years can take the method of burying 15% paclobutrazol in soil and combining foliar spraying, the time is early July, and each plant 3 4 grams of paclobutrazol is dissolved in water and then dug holes and irrigated roots.

Fifth, temperature control, indoor temperature control and thermal insulation treatment should be around the beginning of January to start buckle the shed. Buckle the shed to temperature control before flowering. After the cooling capacity of the peach tree is satisfied, it can be heated up to relieve dormancy.

The temperature usually rises in early January. The temperature during this period is related to whether the flower buds can expand and germinate normally, whether the pollen grains can be formed, whether the flowering is normal, and whether the fruit setting rate is high. If the temperature is too high at this time, it will lead to the process of phenological period too fast, unable to form normal pollen grains, pollen is reduced or no pollen, vitality is reduced, flowers are small, stigma and ovary are not fully developed, and fruit setting rate is low, resulting in "flowers but not fruits", and first leaves grow and then flower.

Nectarine greenhouse should be selected in the downwind and sunrise, dry terrain, convenient irrigation, fertile and loose soil area is the most suitable, you can choose to build eight bureaus in the peach forest, you can also build a shed after transplanting, according to the actual situation to determine. The relative height and width of the shed are determined according to the actual situation, the greenhouse film is made of high-pressure polyethylene non-drip film, the wall should be ventilated, and the aperture of 30cm should be left at intervals of 10 meters, and the panoramic skylight should be done in the middle of the ceiling.

If it is in the peach forest to build a shed without transplanting, only a very strong fertilizer and water management can be, before transplanting, the new shed should be subsoiled for the soil layer, and 4000-5000kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of compound fertilizer, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate as the base fertilizer is applied to each shed. The selection of seedlings for planting should be selected with developed root system, strong growth and development, round buds, planting control plant row spacing of 4 meters, the proportion of the main planting species and pollinated species is 10 1 or so, transplanting to maintain the rhizome flexion and extension, watering permeability once after transplanting, and cover film insulation and heat preservation moisturizing and hydrating.

Greenhouse nectarine plastic pruning generally adopts the north high south low slope type crowd structure, if the tree type is spindle-shaped, the control plant height is 1 meter long, and if the tree type is happy shape, the control plant height is 1 meter. Before buckling the shed, the pruning is dominated by leaf thinning, leaving long and long, shortening pest branches, loose branches, blind branches and their non-branched leaves, and at the same time improving the fruiting branches and maintaining the permeability between plants.

One month before buckle the shed, each shed should be applied 3000kg of organic fertilizer, 25kg of diammonium phosphate, 10kg of urea solution, at the same time water permeability, in the shallow hoe to break the soil, cover the agricultural mulch film. In the veraison stage, spray a lower concentration of vehicle urea, and in addition to the driving urea at the kernel stage, add a spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution. Buckle the shed to the flower fall is not suitable for watering, the environmental humidity in the shed should be adjusted below 60%, the fruiting period is generally watered 2 times, once in the hard core period, once the fruit Peng large period, but you need to pay attention to the amount of watering, not suitable for too much, in case the new shoots are vigorous, resulting in physiological fruit drop, affecting the amount of production.

Shaping pruning, cutting the full buds with a dry height of 30 to 50 cm, and 15 to 20 cm below the cut is the shaping belt. Select the main branch, after germination, all the buds below the shaping belt are erased, and when the new shoots grow to 30 cm, select the three branches with balanced growth, appropriate orientation, and staggered arrangement up and down as the main branch, and the fruiting branch can be formed in the same year. The key points of fertilization are guided by formula fertilization, with balanced fertilization as the goal, organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by foliar fertilizer.

First of all, it is necessary to ensure sufficient light, to carry out plastic pruning, to retain the main branches, to water and fertilize, to improve the quality of agricultural products, and to prevent and control pests and diseases.

The nectarines in the greenhouse should be often cultivated and weeded to maintain the looseness of the soil, so that the soil is more ventilated and breathable, and will not accumulate water into waterlogging, in addition, it can be interplanted with other vegetables to ensure good watering and fertilization.

It can fill the gap in the fruit market and improve the ** of nectarine, which is generally divided into summer pruning and winter pruning. Prune after the summer pruning shed. Greenhouse space is limited, pruning should meet the requirements of the development space, and pruning should be carried out according to the size of the tree.

The principle to be followed is to maintain the scissors regularly, suppress the strong and the weak, and make comprehensive adjustments. It is also necessary to control the tree potential and strengthen the ventilation and light transmission conditions. Prune one month after the shed is dismantled.

The second pruning is mainly to remove competing branches, diseased branches and old fruit branches. Buckle the shed before trimming, or slightly trim the new one.

Comprehensively clean up too many and too dense useless branches, strengthen ventilation, and use methods such as pitting and twisting tips to promote flower bud differentiation. The general principle of pruning nectarines in winter greenhouses is to maintain the maximum area of branches and leaves on the premise of ensuring ventilation and light transmission. The purpose of winter shearing is threefold:

The principle of plastic pruning is: early growth and early shaping, late control and early flowering.

Be sure to cultivate permanent fruit branches, and do not start cultivated fruit branches to maintain a certain growth potential; Thirdly, prune the root system of nectarine-bearing trees two years after planting, or cut off the fine roots with a trench fertilizer applicator between the trees. Pruning points summer scissors Summer pruning should be carried out according to the tree shape and tree potential to ensure the flower bud rate, germination and differentiation of nectarine, high quality and high yield. Focus on doing three prunings:

Prune after dismantling, prune one month after dismantling, and prune before sealing. Pruning after shedding: The shed space is limited, and the pruning should meet the requirements of the development space, and the pruning should be carried out according to the size of the tree.

In addition, tree potential needs to be controlled to enhance ventilation and light transmission conditions.

Methods such as twisting the tip can promote flower bud differentiation. Winter scissors Winter shears are mainly to maintain the maximum area of branches and leaves under the premise of ensuring ventilation and light transmission. Number of branches per mu of nectarines in greenhouse:

7000-8000 pieces. If it is a variety without pollen, the relative number of branches should be increased by 50%, that is, 10,000 to 10,000. The purpose of winter pruning is to adjust the shape and nutrients of the tree while laying the foundation for high yields.

Generally speaking, the high and stable yield of nectarines in greenhouses is related to a variety of factors, among which pruning nectarine trees is particularly important. In addition to strengthening pruning, the whole garden should be controlled with medication in time after pruning.

I think it's just cutting off the extra branches, and then selectively pruning off the old branches. This can ensure that the nutrient supply of nectarines is sufficient and concentrated.

One is to pay attention to the health of the branches, if the wrong pruning of the branches may cause the problem of only growing leaves and not fruits. Another is to pay attention to the time of pruning, generally in the afternoon when the sun is less, so that the crops can grow or condition.

Trim after removing the shed. The greenhouse space is limited, and the pruning should adapt to the requirements of the development space, and the pruning should be carried out according to the size of the tree. The principle to follow is to practice diligently, suppress the strong and help the weak, and make comprehensive adjustments. In addition, it is necessary to control the tree potential and enhance the ventilation and light conditions.

Nectarines enter dormancy in winter, and they need a certain low temperature to complete Otherwise, they are prone to withered buds or only bloom without fruit.

Different varieties of nectarines need to be cooled (i.e., the length of the following low temperature time) is long, some are short, the long one needs more than 1000 hours, the short one only needs 200-300 hours, and the medium one needs 500-800 hours.

According to the climatic characteristics of Jiangxi, it is more appropriate to choose nectarine varieties with short cooling requirements.

Varieties such as Super Red Beads, Zhongyou No. 5, and Early Ruby Superior Varieties require shorter cooling capacity, which are suitable for planting in Jiangxi.

Super red beads: the fruit is oblong, the symmetry is good, the suture line is shallow, the top of the fruit is slightly pointed, the peduncle is medium and dark, the background color of the peel is white, the fruit surface is all rose-red, the average weight of a single fruit is about 125 grams, and the maximum fruit weight is 290 grams.

The flesh is milky white, hard solute, the flesh is hard, the texture is fine, the taste is sweet, the aroma is strong, the soluble solids are about 13%, and the quality is excellent.

The viscous nucleus is medium and large, and it is more resistant to storage and transportation.

This variety has good yield, early fruiting, strong self-flowering strength, strong tree strength, and mainly bears fruit of medium and long fruit branches.

This variety requires low cooling and germinates in mid-February, blooms in early March, ripens in early May, and leaves fall in early December.

Zhongyou No. 5: The fruit is oval, symmetrical is good, the top of the fruit is slightly sharp, the stem is shallow and narrow, the background color of the peel is white, the fruit surface is all rose-colored, the average weight of a single fruit is about 160 grams, and the maximum is 270 grams.

The flesh is white, hard solute, the flesh is hard, the texture is fine, the taste is sweet and aromatic, the soluble solids are about 13%, the sticky core, the core is small, the fruit is not cracked, it is resistant to storage and transportation, and the quality is excellent.

This variety has moderate tree potential, strong disease resistance, high yield, good early fruiting, strong self-flowering strength, and mainly bears fruit of medium and long fruit branches.

This variety sprouts in late February, blooms in early March, ripens at the end of May, and leaves fall in early December.

Early Ruby Superior Lineage: Early Ruby Branching.

The fruit is nearly round, with an average early fruit weight of about 140 grams and a maximum fruit weight of more than 250 grams.

The fruit surface is all bright red, the appearance is gorgeous, the flesh is yellow, and the quality is good.

This variety has a moderate tree potential, strong self-flowering strength, high yield and stable yield.

In Chongqing, bud sprouts in late February, blooms in early March, and ripens at the end of May.

Low temperature dormancy: Cover the straw curtain in the morning, close the vents to avoid direct sunlight and increase the temperature, and at night, remove the straw curtain and open the vents for cold storage (the cooling capacity is 400-1200 hours). Warming up to promote flowering:

At the beginning of the 7-10 days of heating, open the vent and the straw curtain about 20%, and then gradually increase the opening of the vent and the straw curtain to increase the temperature of the greenhouse (the temperature is controlled at 14-20).

First, the secret of the greenhouse nectarine market in the morning

1. The secret of early listing.

Artificial facilities are used to create low temperatures to put the fruit trees into a dormant state, and then gradually warm them to promote the flowering of the peach trees, so as to bring the time to market earlier.

2. Low temperature dormancy stage.

1) Generally, the cooling capacity of peach trees is about 400-1200 hours, but the cooling capacity of different fruit trees through dormancy is also different.

2) Nectarines of varieties such as Super Mayfire, Zaofengtian, Jinshan Zaohong, etc., can generally complete natural dormancy before the end of December, without artificial cooling to help dormancy.

3) If it is a nectarine such as dawn and early ruby, the cooling amount is high, and the shed should be detained from late November to the end of December. During this period, it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature not to be higher.

4) Specific operation: from the end of November, cover the straw curtain every morning, close the vent, avoid direct sunlight to increase the temperature, at night, remove the straw curtain, and open the vent for cold storage, generally last about 15-25 days.

3. Heating up and flowering promotion stage.

1) 7-10 days after the first temperature rises, open the vent and straw curtain by about 20%, and then gradually increase the opening of the vent and straw curtain to let the temperature in the greenhouse slowly rise.

2) About 15-20 days after the temperature rises, cover with black mulch film to raise the soil temperature.

3) The process of warming up and promoting flowering lasts about 40 days.

4) Key points: The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at about 14-20, the humidity is controlled at about 65-80% before flowering, and the humidity is controlled at about 50% after flowering.

Second, the growth environment of nectarine

1. Temperature: During the growth period, the suitable temperature is about 18-25, and the cooling capacity is about 500-1200 hours.

2. Light: Nectarines belong to the light-loving type of fruit trees, and generally sweet nectarines require more than 2000 hours of light.

3. Moisture: Nectarines are drought-tolerant crops that are not waterlogg-tolerant, with small water requirements and an average annual precipitation of 500-800mm.

4. Soil: Nectarines like slightly acidic soil, and it is advisable to use the soil between pH.

5. Topography: Generally, planting is carried out in areas with high terrain, low water level and good drainage performance; If it is planted in mountainous areas, it is generally planted on a sunny slope with a slope of less than 25°.