What materials are used to achieve vehicle lightweighting?

What materials are used to achieve automobile lightweight: There are many lightweight materials for Jusailon automobiles, in addition to commonly used automotive plastics, there are also new materials such as low-density PP, micro-foaming materials, and thin-walled high-rigidity materials. Look!

The lightweight of automobiles is achieved by the use of common alloy materials and the use of new body materials such as carbon fiber.

There are three main ways to lightweight automobiles:

1. Application of high-strength and lightweight materials (means), such as high-strength steel, ultra-high-strength steel plate, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, engineering plastics and fiber-reinforced composite materials. From the perspective of technical paths, carbon fiber composite materials, aluminum-magnesium alloys, and advanced high-strength steel are the three major directions explored by car companies.

2. Optimize the lightweight design of the body structure (premise), and use structural analysis and CAD, CAE and other technologies to optimize the design of the structure, so as to reduce useless materials, reduce wall thickness, reduce the number of parts, etc., such as: modular integrated design, structural topology optimization.

3. The use of advanced manufacturing technology (guarantee), such as laser welding, roll forming (advanced molding technology to ensure the safety of the vehicle structure), high-strength steel hot forming, internal high pressure forming and other advanced manufacturing technology, structural adhesive bonding and dissimilar material riveting and other advanced connection technology.

Lightweight of automobiles,It is to reduce the curb weight of the car as much as possible under the premise of ensuring the strength and safety performance of the car, so as to improve the power of the car, reduce fuel consumption and reduce exhaust pollution. Experiments have shown that if the mass of the car is reduced by half, the fuel consumption will also be reduced by almost half. Due to the need for environmental protection and energy saving, the lightweight of automobiles has become the trend of automobile development in the world.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Automobile Lightweight.

Most of the common alloy materials in automobiles are aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy. In addition to alloys, new lightweight materials have appeared in recent years: carbon fiber is one of them. The other is engineering plastics, which also have a professional name called polycarbonate. In recent years, plant material has been used.

The so-called lightweight is not to reduce the weight of the vehicle by unscrupulous means, but to reduce the weight of the vehicle as much as possible under the premise of ensuring the safety of the occupants and not changing the stiffness and strength of the body. Most of the common alloy materials in automobiles are aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy. Among them, aluminum alloy is currently the most widely used and most common automotive lightweight material.

Studies have shown that aluminium alloys can be used for up to 540kg of vehicles, in which case the weight of the car will be reduced by 40%. All-aluminum bodies such as Audi and Toyota are good examples. Magnesium alloy is also a high-strength alloy material.

At this stage, it can be seen in automobile wheels, clutches and other parts. Although it is lighter than aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys are rarely used in automobiles. At present, the amount of magnesium alloy used in world-class cars is only 10kg, while the amount of magnesium alloy used in independent cars is even less, only about 3kg.

Of course, in addition to magnesium alloys, some new lightweight materials have also appeared in automobiles in recent years, and carbon fiber is one of them. It is a fibrous carbon material with a carbon content of up to 90%. Studies have shown that if it is used instead of steel with reliable strength, the weight of the body and chassis will be reduced by 40%-60%, and the lightweight effect is good.

In the field of new energy vehicles, carbon fiber is also very important. Due to its corrosion and water resistance, many manufacturers choose it as a battery container. Another lightweight material is engineering plastics, which are professionally known as polycarbonate.

Many car light row wear covers and dashboards are made of it. Because of its transparency, it was long proposed that it could replace the windows and windshields of cars, and the Costron concept car was even more exaggerated. The entire cabin is made of polycarbonate, which not only reduces the weight of the body, but also brings a sense of avant-garde to the transparent cabin.

In recent years, as the concept of sustainability has taken hold, automotive designers have begun to abandon steel and petrochemicals in favor of renewable plants. Compared to steel, the mass of plants is significantly lighter. Currently, in addition to being used as interior decoration to enhance texture, plants also play a more important role.

Millions of car purchase subsidies.

Automotive materials contribute to the improvement of fuel economy, mainly through the reduction of vehicle weight. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that lightweight is an effective way to improve the fuel economy of automobiles. In order to meet the requirements of automobile lightweight, some new materials have emerged and expanded their applications.

1. Aluminum alloy: The density of aluminum is about one-third of that of steel, and it is the most widely used lightweight material. For example, in 1976, only 39 kilograms of aluminum alloy were used in each vehicle, in 1982 it reached 62 kilograms, and in 1998 it reached 100 kilograms; 2. Magnesium alloy:

Magnesium is about two-thirds the density of aluminum and is the lightest of the metals in practical applications. Magnesium alloy has strong vibration absorption ability, good cutting performance, and good metal mold casting performance, which is very suitable for manufacturing automobile parts. Most of the magnesium alloys are used in automobiles in the form of die castings, and the production efficiency of magnesium die castings is 30% to 50% higher than that of aluminum; 3. Titanium alloy:

The density of titanium is centimeters per cubic gram, which has the advantages of high specific strength, high temperature strength and corrosion resistance. Due to the high cost of titanium, it has only been seen in racing cars and individual luxury cars.