A question of ancient geography, ask a question of ancient Chinese geography

The Central Plains mainly refers to the vicinity from the present North China to Shaanxi, and the Central Plains of each dynasty is different.

The Central Plains we are talking about refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, including most of Henan, the western part of Shandong and the southern part of Hebei and Shanxi

The Central Plains is mainly the lower reaches of the Yellow River (North China Plain), mainly Hebei, Shandong, and Henan, because this is the earliest birthplace of Chinese civilization and the most developed area of agricultural civilization.

From South China to Shaanxi, each dynasty is different.

The Central Plains mainly refers to Central China and East China.

Central Plains, in the historical materials and classics of ancient Chinese and Chinese, has the following meanings:

One is the plains and fields. "Poetry, Xiaoya, Jiri": "Looking at the Central Plains, its Qi Kong"; "Zuo Chuan: The Twenty-third Year of the Duke of Xu": "Jin and Chu governed the army, met in the Central Plains, and they opened up the king. ”

In a narrow sense, it refers to the area of Henan. In the pre-Qin period, there was a saying that Luoyi (now Luoyang) and Tao (now Dingtao County, Shandong) were the centers of the world; As the Huaxia people migrated to the surrounding areas, their range of activities expanded, and ancient Yuzhou was regarded as the center of the world. "Ming Shilu: Fourteen Years of Yongle":

Fuwei Beijing, south of the Central Plains. ”

In a broader sense, it refers to a large area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and occasionally to the Yellow River basin. "History of the Song Dynasty: The Biography of Li Gang": "Since ancient times, the lord of Zhongxing, starting from the northwest, is enough to have the southeast according to the Central Plains" The "Central Plains" refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

When the prize rate is 3,000, the "Central Plains" of "Beiding Central Plains" refers to the Yellow River Basin.

Broadly speaking, the name of the corresponding area relative to the frontier region, that is, Middle-earth.

The ancients often used "China" and "Zhongzhou" as synonyms for the Central Plains. It is generally believed that the ancient Central Plains refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the area where the Chinese tribes are concentrated, and the center is the ancient Yuzhou. With the great integration of the Chinese nation and the expansion of Chinese culture or Zhou culture, it has spread.

The Chinese people, who live in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and have a more advanced culture, regard themselves as civilized and call themselves China, in order to distinguish themselves from the Siyi. Some of the surrounding areas of the Xia and Shang dynasties that were still part of the Yimandi, with the spread of Chinese culture, the division of the Chengkang era was also included in the Central Plains cultural area. In fact, in addition to present-day Henan Province, the Central Plains region of the two-week period mainly included parts of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other provinces.

Modern meaning. The term "Central Plains" is generally used in modern times. It often refers to "Henan Province" or "the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River".

In the pre-Qin period, there was a saying in China's history books that Luoyi (now Luoyang) and Tao (now Dingtao, Shandong) were the "center of the world". At that time, the Central Plains referred to the area from Luoyang to Dingtao.

In ancient China, the land was divided into nine prefectures: Hebei, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Henan, Liang and Yong. Yuzhou is considered to be in the middle of Kyushu, so it is called "Zhongzhou". Henan is referred to as "Henan", so it is also called "Yuzhou".

Ancient Yuzhou includes not only the whole province of Henan, but also the northern part of Hubei Province. Therefore, the ancient "Central Plains" refers to the northern region of Henan Province and Hubei Province, and the strategic location is quite important.

With the expansion of the area of Han ancestral activity, the scope of the "Central Plains" became wider and wider, and later expanded to the whole of China. "Northern History: The Biography of Wang Cheng" cloud: "Inz is a big move, there is no hope for the Central Plains".

The "Central Plains" here means the whole of China. The "North Ding Central Plains" mentioned by Lu You refers to the vast area north of the Yangtze River.

Today, the "Central Plains" referred to in geography and relevant books refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, including most of Henan Province, the western part of Shandong Province, the southern part of Hebei and Shanxi Provinces, and the eastern part of Shaanxi Province.

In the case of military readings, will it be the name of the military rank according to the "Three Kingdoms Official Examination":

State pastoral: Ancient divided into nine states, each state is a state.

State Assassin History: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a state assassin history, supervised the county, and inspected the officials. When he became an emperor, he was changed to a state pastor. Later, it was reverted to the history of thorns. When Emperor Ling, it was changed to state pastor, Eastern Han Dynasty.

Eighteen years back to the history of thorns.

Due to the two repeated dismissals of the state assassin and the state pastor in the Han Dynasty, these two official positions have coexisted and continued to be used until the end.

The two official positions, pastor and assassin, are sometimes confusing because their functions are basically the same for a long time.

Strictly speaking, the object of the work of the "assassin history" is the local officials, and it is a post of a supervisory nature;The work of "pastoral" is aimed at the people, and it is an administrative position.

At that time, the state was equivalent to the current province, and the governors of the state were called the state assassin and the state pastor, which was equivalent to the current one.

The county is equivalent to the current city, and the governor of the county is called Taishou, which is equivalent to the current mayor. There is a county under the county, and the county magistrate is called.

Equivalent to the current one.

Thorn Shi was the highest governor of a state in the Han Dynasty, and later Liu Yan suggested that the Eastern Han Dynasty ** change the name of the state thorn history to the state pastor, expanding the powers of the governor, so that.

of the formation. In the Han Dynasty, the prefecture was equivalent to the current province, and the county was equivalent to the current city. Taishou is the governor of a county, that is, the mayor, the governor of the prefecture and the governor (

One level smaller. There are counties under the county, and the governor of the county with more than 10,000 households is called the order, and the governor of the county with less than 10,000 households is called the chief. The county level is below the township, and the township is below the pavilion.

The difference between the state thorn history and the state pastor: 1, the first is the official rank, the thorn history is 2,000 stones, and the pastor is the middle 2,000 stones, which is one level higher than the 2,000 stones; 2. There is no state pastor if there is a history of thorns in the state, and vice versa, it is very common for the state thorn history to be promoted to the state pastor on the island of this state; 3. The assassin is the permanent official of the state, but the state pastor is not, so not necessarily every state assassin can be promoted to the state pastor; 4. Usually in areas with frequent use of troops, the state pastor is set up, so that the state pastor has stronger military power than the state assassin. It should be added that although the authority of the state pastor has been strengthened compared to the state pastor, the authority of the Taishou has not been weakened, and the status of the Taishou is still similar to that of the state pastor - almost exactly the same as the state assassin and about the same as the state pastor, so the Taishou should be equivalent to the current position.

Not to mention the island of Honshu, the place name of Honshu has never existed, this does not conform to the habit of naming, only alienated Chinese will be named like this.