Seek a review of pharmacology, the concept of pharmacology

The concept of pharmacology is as follows:

Clinical pharmacology

The main study is the clinical effect of the drug on the human body.

Neuropharmacology and psychopharmacology

His research focuses on the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior.

Toxicology Theoretical pharmacology <>

Scientific Background: The study of pharmacology is closely related to the background knowledge of biological systems. With the development of cell biology and biochemistry research, the research content in the field of pharmacology is constantly changing, enriching and improving.

Through the analysis of drug receptors at the molecular level, it has become possible to design drugs based on specific cell signaling or metabolic pathways. This drug is typically designed to target receptors on the cell surface that regulate or mediate cell signaling pathways and thus control cell function. <>

The pharmacological view is that chemicals as drugs have a variety of properties, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacopotency. Among them, pharmacokinetics describes the effects of a drug on the human body (e.g., half-life and drug distribution volume), while pharmacodynamics describes the effects of a drug on the human body (e.g., toxicity and activity) resistant to positive mode.

When describing the pharmacokinetic profile of a chemical substance, pharmacologists often study the following: (ADME).

Absorption: How the drug is absorbed by the human body (**, small intestine or oral mucosa) Distribution: How the drug spreads in the organs Metabolism (metaboli**Whether the drug is converted into other products in the human body, what kind of chemicals these products are, whether they are toxic, whether they are active Excretion (excretion) is slow

The way the drug is excreted by the body (bile, urine, respiration, or **).

Absorption: Quinolone antimicrobials can form chelates with calcium and thus affect absorption.

Distribution: The insulin-secreting drug glimepiride competes for hemoglobin to replace free dicoumarin.

Metabolism: Phenytoin, an inducer of liver enzymes, accelerates drug metabolism, and chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of liver enzymes, prolongs the half-life of estrogen.

Excretion: Probenecid competes with penicillium for tubular secretion carriers, inhibiting penicillin excretion from the urine and prolonging the duration of action.

The questioner should state the name of the specific drug, and let the answerer explain the interaction according to the pharmacological effects of different drugs, the distribution and absorption of different drugs in the body, the branch collision and metabolism path, the time of metabolism, etc.

The over-effect is usually referred to as first-pass elimination, which means that when the drug passes through the liver, a part of it is metabolized, and the amount of drug that eventually enters the systemic circulation will be less than the dosage.

The understanding of pharmacology is as follows:

Pharmacology concept: Pharmacology: It is one of the disciplines that study drugs, mainly studying the laws and mechanisms of interaction between drugs and the body (including pathogens).

Drugs: Substances that can affect the physiological, biochemical and pathological processes of the body to prevent or diagnose diseases.

Pharmacology studies include:

1. Pharmacodynamics: referred to as pharmacodynamics. To study the effects of drugs on the body, including the effects and effects of drugs, mechanisms of action and clinical applications.

2. Pharmacokinetics: referred to as pharmacokinetics. The study of the changes and laws of drugs under the action of the body, including the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs in the body, especially the changes in blood drug concentration over time, and the factors affecting the efficacy of drugs.

Nature:

Pharmacology is one of the disciplines that study drugs, and it is a basic medical discipline that provides basic theories for the prevention and treatment of diseases with rational clinical drug use. Pharmacology is the study of the laws and principles of the interaction between drugs and the body, including pathogens.

Drugs refer to substances used to prevent and diagnose diseases, and theoretically speaking, all chemical substances that can affect the physiological functions of body organs and the metabolic activities of (or clump) cells belong to the category of drugs and drugs, including contraceptives and health care pills.

On the one hand, pharmacology studies how the function of body cells changes under the influence of drugs, and on the other hand, it studies the process of the drug itself in the body, that is, how the body processes the drug, the former is called pharmacodynamics, referred to as pharmacodynamics; The latter is called pharmacokinetics, or pharmacokinetics for short.