Ask for a translation, a sentence from an economic literature about economic history .

There's no context.,I don't know what it means.。。。 It would be relatively easy, therefore, for a professional term will be emphasized, not the continuous development of society, but (the reference to it is unknown) his latest stage is rejected by reputable thinkers like the beautiful lies of politicians or the confusion of dogmatists...

It is easier, therefore, for a term, to emphasize, not the continuity of social growth, but the latest stage of novelty, to be expelled from the integrity of reputable thinkers as a political gimmick or a mare of the doctrinaires of the bird's nest.

It is easier and, therefore, the terminology emphasizes the continuity of social development, the dismissal but novelty of the final stage, to integrity as political grandstanding, or mare'S nest empty talk by famous thinkers.

How Mankiw's economics worked?

5。Total income depends on elasticity because the demand curve is a "volume" curve. When ** changes, the demand also changes and changes the total income.

The amount of change in this total income depends on how consumers react to the change, which is an accurate definition of measuring resilience.

6。Supply elasticity is a measure of how well supply responds to changes.

7。Supply** elasticity increases over time, because the longer the time, the more likely it is that an output adjustment will occur.

8。Income elasticity is the rate at which the change in demand for goods is caused by the rate of change in consumer income.

Closing stocks of finished goods refers to the last link of product processing, which is stocking

Work in progress refers to goods that are in production (guessing).

Marginal production cost: This is a specialized economic belonging, marginal cost refers to the incremental cost. For example, the cost of producing one car is 50,000, the cost of producing two cars is 120,000, and the marginal cost of producing a second car is 70,000.

There is no difference between marginal production cost and marginal cost. The reason why there is an extra production is because some questions give both fixed cost and total cost - fixed cost = veriable cost (production cost is included).

In this sentence, marginal production cost is marginal cost

The meaning of this phrase is that stock goods and goods in production are priced according to the marginal production cost of the goods.

That is, the cost of producing one car is 50,000, the cost of producing 2 cars is 120,000, and the cost of car sellers is 200,000. However, if the car has not been publicly released (in stock or in production), they cannot be calculated according to 200,000 units (400,000 for two cars), but only according to their production cost (120,000 for two cars).

Ending inventory of finished goods and work-in-progress is valued at marginal cost of production.

If you think it's good, take it and rate the feedback. ）

Ending inventory of goods as finished (products) and work-in-progress are priced at marginal product cost.

Suppose a person who wants to provide cheap housing to its residents, in order to promote the construction of apartment buildings, promises not to impose housing rent control procedures in the future.

A: Once the apartment building is in place, will ** keep its promise not to implement rent control?

B: If the private sector learns that they will no longer keep their promises, will they have the same incentive to build apartment buildings?

C: What is the best strategy to pursue?

FYI: Consider the population that wants to provide affordable housing to its population. In order to facilitate the construction of apartment buildings, ** pledged not to impose rent control schemes in the future.

A: Once the apartment building is in place. Excuse me**Do you want to keep your promise and not impose rent controls?

B: If the private sector knew that ** would keep its promise that they would have the same incentives to build apartment buildings? c：

What is the best policy to pursue?

The work of a gifted economist who dares to challenge traditional orthodoxy at more than one point, it is primarily, despite its title, that less of the history of capitalism than the osmotic examination reveals the recent changes in the tendencies of industrial organisation in Britain and the United States.

The work of a gifted economist, who challenges conventional notions at more than one point, is primary, despite the fact that in its title, the history of capitalism is less than penetrating tendencies, and recent changes in the organisation of industry in Britain and the United States reveal exams.

Let's take it.

It's a little difficult, I can't understand it, and I'm waiting to learn.

Why are developing countries so tightly repressive about their financial systems? The public good nature of the system (as mentioned earlier) is partly explained by control or prudential management, but there are other reasons that are specific to developing economies. George Bernard Shaw cites historically ruthless usury methods to point out the lack of effective control over the growth of nominal money and points out that the role of financial repression is misunderstood.

He also noted that the assertion that market rules did not work in developing countries also led to policies of financial repression.

Indeed, there is a widespread belief that financial markets are imperfect and cannot be relied upon to effectively allocate resources to land and resources. Often, the fragmentation of inter-regional financial markets and those between potential borrowers and oligopolistic financial structures (where financial institution ownership is dominated by a small number of large corporations) is considered to be the main contributor to market imperfections. There is also an argument that even if financial markets are competitive and efficient, they may fail to finance projects of high social value because of the low private returns they generate.

Why is the financial system tightly regulated in developing countries? In addition to this, there are several reasons that are unique to the economies of developing countries, Shaw mentions the brutal usury of history, the unfavorable control of excessive currency issuance, and the misunderstanding of financial regulation, and points out that the lack of integration between the economies of developing countries and the market economy has also contributed to the suppression of the financial system

Outcome 1: Increasing the cost of the host country increases the production of the host country subsidiary.

Outcome 2: Consolidated U.S. and National j revenues (constant total revenue) increased sales performance of both subsidiaries.

Outcome 3: Sponsored by a U.S. subsidiary is attractive for technology-intensive countries. The more skilled labor a country is, the more ancillary products its U.S. subsidiary has.

Outcome 4: Ancillary products can increase income elasticity, i.e., a greater proportion of ancillary products increase as the host country's income increases.

Outcome 1: An increase in the cost of the host country** will.

Production is increased by the branch of the enterprise in the home country.

Result: 2 income convergence between the United States and country J.

Maintain and continuously increase the company's sales revenue).

in both directions.

Result: Production through US subsidiaries3 is an attractive country with abundant skilledlabor. More skilled labor is abundant

In China, it is produced by a subsidiary in the United States.

Results: 4 Subsidiary production income elasticity, ie.

increased in the parent company and in the host country with an increase in revenue.

through a large proportion of production companies.