What is the role of internal and external forces in the formation and development of landforms?

1. Internal geological action is due to the geological action produced by the internal energy of the earth, including tectonic movement, magmatic activity, action and metamorphism, which mainly occur deep underground, and some can affect the surface. It causes the lithosphere to be deformed, displaced, or metamorphized, or to remelt the material to form new rocks.

2. External geological action is caused by the external energy of the earth, which mainly occurs on or near the surface of the earth. Almost all external geological processes are involved in gravitational energy. External geological processes have changed the surface morphology and crustal rock composition.

It can be divided into the geological action of rivers, the geological action of groundwater, the geological action of glaciers, the geological action of lakes and swamps, the geological action of wind and the geological action of the ocean. According to the sequence of its occurrence, external geological processes can also be divided into weathering, slope gravity, denudation, transport, sedimentation and induration. Geological processes.

Internal and external geological processes are related to each other, but the development trend is opposite. The action of internal forces complicates the composition and structure of the earth's interior and crust, resulting in the ups and downs of the earth's surface. The action of external forces changes the original composition and structure of the earth's crust, flattens the undulations of the earth's surface, and develops towards simplification.

The action of internal and external forces causes continuous changes in the earth's crust and its surface morphology.

In general, the action of internal forces forms large landform types, and controls the basic contour of the earth's surface, making the surface rise and fall. External forces (flowing water, wind, glaciers, the growth and activity of organisms, etc.) continuously weather, erod, transport and accumulate the surface material of the earth's crust, shaping the details of the landform and flattening the surface of the earth.

Internal and external forces work together to shape the surface morphology. When a ground is raised, the adjacent surface is sunken, and when high mountains and plateaus are eroded, the adjacent lowlands will accumulate. The opposing system of internal and external forces.

1. Mutual influence and mutual constraints.

Internal and external forces work at the same time, and at a certain time and place, it is often a certain role that prevails and plays a leading role.

a.Sichuan Basin BYangtze River Delta CZhoushan Islands DThe Taiwan Strait (b is the sedimentation of flowing water, which is an external force, a, c, d are all formed by internal forces, and generally speaking, mountains and islands are formed by internal forces. )

The following geographical phenomena are formed by the action of internal forces (b).

a.Paleochannels at the bottom of the Taiwan Strait bQinling Cliff CChun'an Qiandao Lake DYaolin Cave in Tonglu.

The main external forces that form this landscape of karst caves are (c).

a.Wind BGlacier CRunning water dCreature.

a.The Fen River valley was formed by the impact of the Fen River, which belongs to the action of internal forces, and the Dead Sea was formed by tension and cracking, and it was also formed by the action of internal forces. c.

The Great Rift Valley is a fault collapse and an internal force. d.Lake Superior was formed by glaciation.

It is an external force, because glaciers are formed by the condensation of ice and snow, and ice and snow are not present on the earth itself.

Manifestations of internal forces of geological processes: tectonic movement, magmatic activity, ** action, metamorphism, etc.

The manifestations of external forces of geological processes: weathering, denudation, transport, sedimentation and induration.

The energy of internal forces is the thermal energy of the earth's interior, which is manifested in the form of crustal movement, magmatic activity, and metamorphism.

The energy of external force is ** solar energy, which is manifested in the form of weathering, erosion [mainly water erosion, wind erosion], transport, sedimentation [glacial accumulation], and consolidation of rocks.

There are three types of internal forces, crustal movement, magmatic activity, and metamorphism.

For example, faults, grabens, barriers, anticlines, anticlines, anticliques, mountains formed by various plate extrusions, and sea areas formed by plate tearing all belong to the crustal movement in the action of internal forces;

The process of limestone turning into marble and shale into slate are all metamorphic effects in the action of internal forces;

There are few examples of magmatic activity, mainly magmatic rocks emitted by volcanoes.

The main external forces are weathering, erosion, transport and accumulation (action of wind, action of water and action of glaciers).

I'll follow the lines in parentheses:

Wind has two functions: erosion and accumulation.

The main forms formed by the erosion of the wind are the wind erosion mushroom and the wind erosion castle.

The accumulation of wind has only the sand dunes.

Water is also an erosion and accumulation effect.

Water erosion is caused by the retreat of waterfalls, the dissolution of karst landforms, and the V-shaped valleys of the upper reaches of rivers.

The accumulation of water is mainly in alluvial fans, alluvial plains and estuarine deltas.

Glaciers only have erosion.

The erosion of glaciers results in horn peaks, V-shaped valleys, the plains of Western Europe, the Great Lakes and the fjords of Norway.

By the way, the entire Western European plain was formed by ice erosion, and it is the only glacial plain in the world.

The above are all external forces, in fact, there are biological effects of external forces, but there are no examples, and the exam is rarely tested.

By the way, help Loulou distinguish between wind erosion and weathering, which many people can't distinguish.

First of all, the only participants in wind erosion are wind, and weathering includes wind, sun, rain, seawater, and so on.

Also, the direction of wind erosion is singular (the direction of the wind), while weathering is omnidirectional.

The internal force is mainly volcanic eruption·· The earth's crust is squeezed and deformed, like canyons, mountains, external forces are flowing water, wind erosion, etc

Internal forces: crustal movement, magmatic activity, metamorphism, etc.

External forces: weathering, erosion, handling, accumulation, gravity. chemical reactions, etc.

Inside: ** Rift Valley, Mountains, etc. Outside: Rivers, Canyons, etc.

There are many of them, like oblique and anticline.

Barriers, grabens, faults, folds, etc., are common landforms, and through the internal forces of the earth's interior, the uplift of plateaus, the growth of mountains, and the expansion of oceans, these are all inseparable.

The landform formed by external forces is well distinguished from internal forces, such as sand dunes (wind erosion), blocky mountains (wind erosion), and deltas often formed by external forces.

and alluvial fans (water accumulation), as well as the U-shaped valleys of rivers (water cutting), glacial landforms.

For example, glacial and glacial lakes are caused by glacial erosion and accumulation.

Landforms formed by the action of internal and external forces can be found everywhere on the earth, which constitutes the wonderful natural landscape of the earth.

(1) The role of internal forces in the formation of landforms.

Internal force: refers to the force caused by the radiation energy inside the earth. (Generally refers to the effects of thermal energy, chemical energy, gravitational energy, and the rotational motion of the earth originating from the earth's interior.) It is manifested as the displacement and deformation of the earth's surface materials caused by tectonic movements, magmatic activities, etc.

2) The role of external forces in the formation of landforms.

Extrinsic force: It is the action caused by the earth's surface through activities such as air, flowing water and living organisms driven by solar energy and gravity. It includes the weathering of rocks, the movement of blocks, the erosion, transport and accumulation of flowing water, glaciers, wind, ocean waves, tides, etc., as well as the role of living organisms including human activities.

and 3) the role of internal and external force interaction in the formation of landforms.

The formation of landforms is generated and developed under the interaction of internal and external forces. The action of internal forces promotes the undulation of the surface and increases the elevation difference of the terrain. External forces level the surface and weaken the terrain elevation difference. In the process of landform development, the two forces grow and disappear with each other, interact with each other, and influence each other.

Both internal and external forces are important factors in the formation of landforms, and the landforms are shaped by the joint action of the two.

Internal forces act to form lowlands and high mountains, making the surface rugged.

The external force acts to cut the land and flatten the surface.