Revolution and transcendence in the history of chemistry

The history of the development of chemistry is:The historical origin of chemistry is very ancient, and it can be said that the earliest chemical practice began when humans learned to use fire. Our ancestors drilled wood to make fire, used fire to bake food, kept warm on cold nights, drove away wild beasts, and made full use of the glow and heat phenomenon when burning.

At the time, it was just an accumulation of experience. The formation of chemical knowledge and the development of chemistry have gone through a long and tortuous road. It develops along with the progress of human society and is the inevitable result of social development.

Knowledge and Skills:1. Master the basic theories and basic knowledge of mathematics and physics.

2. Master the basic knowledge, basic principles and basic experimental skills of inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry (including instrumental analysis), organic chemistry, physical chemistry (including structural chemistry), chemical engineering and chemical drawing.

3. Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors.

4. Understand the national policies and regulations on science and technology, chemistry-related industries, intellectual property rights, etc.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Chemistry.

Chemistry was first linked to the discovery of fire, and as we all know, combustion is a chemical change, that is, because of chemistry, human beings entered civilization from barbarism.

In the process of using fire, humans discovered crystalline glass and red copper, and in this way, more and more chemical knowledge such as pottery making, smelting, brewing, and dyeing was discovered and mastered.

Because the ancients had not yet mastered the theory of chemistry, China put forward the theory of the five elements of yin and yang, believing that all things are composed of five basic substances: metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. In the 4th century B.C., the Greeks put forward the theory of the four elements of fire, wind, earth, and water.

In the 19th century, the modern atomic theory was established, and the study of chemistry rose to the level of theoretical research.

With the introduction of various theories and the development of research methods, chemistry was divided into four traditional branches in the early 20th century: inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry and analytical chemistry.

In the past 100 years, with the birth of the electronic theory of chemical bonds and quantum mechanics, the rise of electronic technology and computer technology, chemical research has gained new means in theory and experimental technology, and chemistry has entered a stage of vigorous development.

At present, chemistry has nearly 100 classifications in seven branches: biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, polymer chemistry, and nuclear chemistry.

Chemistry is not only a practical subject, but also the foundation for the rapid development of natural sciences along with mathematics, physics and other disciplines. Chemistry also interpenetrates with other disciplines, resulting in many marginal disciplines, such as biochemistry, geochemistry, cosmochemistry, marine chemistry, etc., which makes biology, electronics, aerospace, laser, geology, ocean and other science and technology develop rapidly.

Nowadays, chemistry is closely related to human food, clothing, housing and transportation, as well as energy, information, environmental protection, medicine and health, resource utilization, etc., and its role in society is irreplaceable!

It can be broadly divided into three stages:

1. Ignorance stage: from alchemy to iron smelting in the Spring and Autumn Period, batik screens and wine-making processes in the Tang Dynasty all belong to this stage. People's knowledge is practiced through labor, and there is a lack of theoretical summary.

2. Modern Chemistry: Dalton and Avergadro's molecular atomism laid the foundation for modern chemistry.

3. Modern chemistry: New materials and new technologies are the characteristics of modern chemistry.

1. The ancient period of process chemistry. At this time, human pottery, metallurgy, winemaking, dyeing and other processes were mainly inspired by practical experience after tens of thousands of years of exploration, and chemical knowledge had not yet been formed. This was the embryonic age of chemistry.

2. The period of alchemy and medicinal chemistry. During this period, many chemical changes between substances were accumulated, which prepared rich materials for the further development of chemistry. This is a majestic scene in the history of chemistry that amazes us.

Chemical methods were turned to medicine and metallurgy.

3. Phlogiston chemistry period. With the accumulation of experience in the metallurgical industry and laboratories, people summarize perceptual knowledge and believe that combustibles can be burned because they contain phlogiston, and the combustion process is the process of phlogiston release from combustibles.

4. The period of quantitative chemistry, that is, the period of modern chemistry. Lavoisier used quantitative chemistry experiments to expound the oxidation theory of combustion, ushering in the era of quantitative chemistry.

5. The period of scientific interpenetration, that is, the period of modern chemistry. The development of quantum theory has given chemistry and physics a common language, solving many unsolved problems in chemistry; On the other hand, chemistry has penetrated into biology and geology, so that the structural problems of proteins and enzymes have been gradually solved.