Why are there multiple surnames and what are them?

There are several cases of the origin of the compound surname: some come from the fiefdom. Such as Linghu's family, which is recorded in "Hundred Family Names":

During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a person named Wei Liang who repeatedly made military exploits and was awarded the title of Linghuyi, and his descendants took "Linghu" as his surname; Another example is Duan Gan's clan, the grandson of Lao Tzu Sun Li Zong was enshrined in Duan Gan, and his descendants took "Duan Gan" as his surname; In addition, there are also compound surnames such as Liangqiu, Shangguan, Yangyu, Zhongli, etc., all of which are in this case. Some come because of where they live. For example, the Dongguo family, during the Zhou Dynasty, the doctors of the Qi family lived in the national capital Linzi Dongguo, and the descendants took "Dongguo" as their surname; Another example is the Luqiu clan, there is a famous infant doctor in Qi who lives in Luqiu, and is called Luqiu infant at the time, and the descendants take "Luqiu" as the surname.

There are also compound surnames such as South Gate, West Gate, Nangong, and Puyang, which are also derived from their place of residence. Others come from official names, royal fathers, lords, and clans. For example, Sima, Sikong, Sikou, Situ, Taishi, Jimo, Qiguan, Wuma, Lezheng, Zuoqiu and other compound surnames are derived from official names; The compound surnames such as Ram and Ziyang are derived from the word of the royal father; Gongsun, Zhongsun and other compound surnames are derived from the Jue line; Uncles and grandchildren have compound surnames derived from the lineage.

It's really interesting to think about these compound surnames. For example, Sima Qian was punished by the palace because of the "Li Ling case", and his two sons Sima Lin and Sima Guan were afraid of being connected, so they changed their names and surnames and lived in seclusion in the countryside. The brothers each took one of the characters in "Sima", and the elder brother added two points to the left of the word "Ma" and changed his surname to "Feng"; The younger brother added a vertical to the left of the word "division" and changed his surname to "Tong".

Another example is the compound surname Ouyang, some simplified to the surname Ou, and some simplified to the surname Yang. Zhongli is simplified to Zhong, Gongsun is simplified to Sun, and so on, this may be a trend of monophonic compound surnames. There are 81 compound surnames in our country:

Ouyang, Taishi, Duanmu, Shangguan, Sima, Dongfang, Dugu, Nangong, Wan Qi, Wenren, Xiahou, Zhuge , Yuchi, Gongyang, Helian, Tangtai, Huangfu, Zongzheng, Puyang, Gongye, Taishu, Shentu, Gongsun, Murong, Zhongsun, Zhongli, Changsun, Yuwen, Situ, Xianyu, Sikong, Luqiu, Ziche, Qiguan, Sikou, Wuma, Gongxi, Zhuansun, Yangsi, Gongliang, Qidiao, Lezheng, Zaifu, Guliang, Tuoba, Jiagu, Xuanyuan, Linghu, Duangan, Baili, Huyan, Dongguo, Nanmen, Yangyu, Weisheng, Gonghu, Gongyu, Gongyi, Liangqiu, Gongzhong, Gongshang, Gongmen, Gongshan, Gongjian, Zuoqiu, Gongbo, Ximen, Gongzu, Di.

5. Gongcheng, Guanqiu, Gonghui, Nanrong, Dongli, Donggong, Zhongchang, Zishu, Zisang, Jimo, Daxi, Chushi. Follow-up: Are there only 81? :Yes Follow-up: But I still know a surname?

The existing compound surnames mainly include Baili, Beitang, Beiye, Beigong, Duanmu, Dongchong Jibofang, Huangfu, Nangong, Nanguo, Nuwa, Nanbo, Nanrong, Nanmen, Nanye, Ouyang, Ouhou, Zhuge , Xiahou, Wenren, Sima, Ximen, Shangguan, Shaomu, Shaoshu, Situ, Sikong, Sikou, Shisun, Shentu, Shentu, Shentu, Shenxian, Shenshu, etc.

What are the compound surnamesThe so-called compound surname refers to a surname composed of two or more Chinese characters, such as Ouyang, Sima, etc. There are many compound surnames, such as the official name of Sanxiang, place of residence, occupation, ancestral name, lineage, lineage, item name, surname merger, feudal and ethnic minority surname. In addition to this, there is also a class of self-created compound surnames, such as Helian.

Nowadays, there is also a new surname formed by the self-formation of two single surnames, and this kind of compound surname is also called "double surname", such as Chang Xia, Chen Liang, Chen Lin, Cao Yue, etc.

In addition to the above-mentioned compound surnames, there are also Xinping, Xianyu, Xuanyuan, Xiangli, Xinyuan, Xu Li, Yangyu, Yangjiao, Yanling, Yuling, Yiqi, Wuqiu, Lezheng, Zhuansun, Zhongsun, Zhongchang, Zhongli, Zongzheng, Master Father, Zhongshu, Zuoren, Zuoqiu, Zaifu, Chang'er, Lingdu, Qingyang, Qidiao, Qiguan, Quqiu, Liangqiu, Luqiu, Luoyang, Lingyin, Lengfu, Longqiu, Linghu, Lin Peng, etc.

The three extinct compound surnames are as follows1. Nishino Construction.

The first three-character compound surname that has disappeared in China on the list is Xiye Jian, this surname comes from the Western Jin Dynasty, when there was a writer Xiye Jianshu, and his son lived in Xiye Jianduan, Xiye Jianduan, and was a Han Chinese.

2. Dongguan Zheng.

Dongguan Zheng came from a scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty, Dongguan Zhengxu, he was a native of the Spring and Autumn Period, and Dongguan Zhengzi was of the Han nationality.

3, Nangong Wan.

This is Nangong Wanyang, a military general in the early Spring and Autumn Period, who is a Han person.

Other extinct compound surnames1. Words and cars.

Yancheji comes from the Han nationality of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and is pronounced as yanjuji.

2, Xichengze.

Xicheng Ze also sounds like a relatively unfamiliar surname, Xicheng Ze Ludong was a Han person during the Zhou Dynasty, and Xicheng Zeming was also a Han person in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

3, Zi Quwei.

Someone surnamed Zi Qu Wei is called Zi Qu Wei Ze, who is also a Han person in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

4, Zinanfeng.

The era of the surname Nanfeng was knighted, mainly in the Zhou Dynasty.

5. The first pass of the child.

In history, there was a surname Zichuguan called Zichuguan Jiangxing, who was a person from the Zhou Dynasty.

6. Plastic Entertainment.

The reading of these words is exquisite, and it should be read as su zhen yue.

7, Zhong Ligui.

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were two people named Zhongli Keima and Zhongli Keijiadai.