What are the main types of ornamentation of food and ritual utensils in the Shang and Zhou dynasties

Animal face pattern (in the past, it was called gluttonous pattern), kui pattern, bird pattern, milk nail pattern, cloud pattern, pan claw pattern, pan pattern, thunder pattern, fish pattern, vortex pattern, stealing curve pattern, tile pattern, string pattern ......,2,baxx report.

Not to report Appledew.

I'm a bronze student, and there is nothing wrong with all of the above, but if it's not right, then I have nothing to say, or the person who came up with this bend has a problem.

baxx report.

I mean, I don't know much about what you're talking about, can you tell me a little bit familiar? If not, forget it.

Report Apple Dew.

Gluttony pattern (beast face pattern) is a kind of monster, there is a head without a body, legend has it that the dragon gave birth to nine sons, and its fifth son is called 饕餮 (tāo tiè), which is a fierce and cruel monster in ancient times, likes to eat people, and eats a lot. The 20 yuan people's old nuclear currency that is now in circulation has a "gluttonous pattern" on it, under the line "People's Bank of China."

Kui pattern: an animal similar to a dragon - kui, the main form is similar to a snake, mostly a horn, a leg, the mouth is open, and the tail is rolled up. It can also be thought of as a side pattern of a dragon.

Bird pattern: There are phoenix bird patterns, bird patterns, and birds are birds in reality.

Breast nail pattern: The pattern is a raised mastoid process arranged in a single row or square. There is another pattern, the nipples are placed in an oblique grid, which is called the oblique square milk nail pattern. Si Mu Wu is generous and decorated with milk nail patterns.

Moire: Similar to the auspicious moire on the Beijing Olympic torch, but the moire on the bronze does not have such smooth and round lines.

Fish pattern, cow pattern, elephant pattern, cow pattern, sheep pattern, rabbit pattern, deer pattern, cicada pattern, etc.: it is the animals in reality, which are basically realistic and exaggerated.

Thunder pattern: like the decoration of the word "back".

There are also some geometric ornaments, such as circles, dots, horizontal lines (strings), vertical lines, flowers, etc.

The main decorative pattern of Shang and Zhou design culture is the animal face pattern, which is applied to bronze devices.

The gluttonous pattern, one of the common sleepy patterns on bronzes, was first seen in the Liangzhu culture pottery and jade upper closures in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and prevailed from the Shang Dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Some of the animal face patterns have torsos and animal feet, and some are only used as animal face sedan ruler liquid. It is a typical heraldic style.

"Gluttonous pattern" is the name of the posterity.

Gluttonous this beast is the ancients fused the characteristics of various beasts in nature, and at the same time with their own imagination and formed, in which the face of the beast is huge and exaggerated, very decorative, often used as the main ornament of the utensils, and the cultural life of the ancient people is closely related, fully embodies the wisdom and creative ability of the ancient working people, the researcher called the animal face pattern.

The Shang and Zhou rulers used the "hideous terror" of the bronze ornaments to express the "mysterious majesty" of royal power, in order to express their possession of political power, status and wealth, which was daunting. The slave owners placed all their majesty, will, nobility, fantasy and hope in these terrible ornaments.

There are many types of ancient food utensils, the main ones are: 簋 (gui), which is shaped like a large bowl, and people take food out of the 甗 (yan) and put it in the 簋 before eating. 簠 (fu) is a rectangular utensil for holding food, and its purpose is the same as that of 簋, so it is said that "簠簋 is lifted".

Beans, like a tall plate, were originally used to hold millet for sacrifices, and then gradually used to hold meat sauce and meat soup.

Vessels, utensils for food, with ears on both sides.

The bowl, the vessel for drinking, is open, has a deep belly, has ears, and has round feet underneath. Pots and bowls are all containers for things. The case, also known as the food table, is a tray for eating, the shape is not large, there are four or three legs, the foot is very short, the ancients often "raise the case and raise the eyebrows" when eating, in order to show respect.

The ancients who carnivorous often used a dagger to take out the meat in the dingzhong, put it on the figurine, and then cut it with a knife to eat.

daggers, which are long-handled spoons; It is a rectangular cutting board with foot support at both ends. The ancients often used knives and daggers and knives at the same time, and used "meat on the sword" as a metaphor for being bullied and slaughtered by others. There is such a sentence in "Hongmen Banquet":

People are swordsmen, I am fish and meat, what is the word? That's the kind of situation we're talking about.

Chopsticks, the utensils of sandwiching, homonym with "live", containing the meaning of stopping, because of avoidance, take the opposite sense as "fast", and because it is made of bamboo, so add a "bamboo" prefix for "chopsticks", which is still used today. The materials of the above food utensils can be bamboo, wood, pottery, bronze, etc. Most of the common people were made of bamboo, wood, and pottery, and most of the nobles' food utensils were bronze.

The chopsticks used by ancient rulers were made of gold, silver, or ivory.

Rituals: After entering the slave society of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, rituals developed greatly and became a symbol of "ritual governance" to regulate the internal order of the ruling class, so as to maintain the rule of slave owners and aristocrats. Ritual artifacts at this time included jade, bronze and clothing.

The jade ritual utensils include Bi, Cong, Gui, Zhang, etc. There are many types of bronze ritual vessels, exquisite craftsmanship, and the most important ones are food utensils (such as the Ding for boiling meat and meat, and the Gui for rice), wine vessels (such as drinking vessels, wine vessels, pots), water vessels (such as washware plates, cups), musical instruments (such as bells, cymbals) and miscellaneous utensils (pots, kei-shaped vessels, square vessels). After entering the feudal society of the Qin and Han dynasties, bronze ritual vessels gradually declined and withdrew from the historical stage.

The main food utensils are 簋 and 簠; The main ritual vessel is the tripod.

The most typical patterns on the bronze ware are animal face patterns, dragon and phoenix patterns, wild animal patterns, etc., and the animal face patterns represent light and hope. The dragon and phoenix pattern represents auspiciousness, wealth and royal power. Animal prints include tiger stripes and snake prints.

The tiger is a symbol of strength. The serpentine pattern represents a good agricultural harvest and a prosperous population.

Bronze patterns are decorated with: gluttonous pattern, dragon pattern, dragon pattern, dragon pattern, snake pattern (pan pattern, pan insect pattern), bird pattern, phoenix pattern, ripple, etc., and the ornament is a representative totem mark. Totem is a natural image, more animal image, regarded as the clan relatives or protector gods, so extremely devout worship and worship it.

The Shang and Zhou bronzes are mostly animal patterns, the most common of which is the gluttonous pattern, which warns people not to be greedy, and greed will harm themselves; The bronze vessels used for sacrifice are also often used in the image of fierce beasts, which are eye-catching and wide-mouthed, creating a solemn atmosphere.