What is the relationship between science and Confucianism How did the five sons of the Northern Song

A stage of development in Confucianism. Science is a part of Confucianism.

The Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Establishment of Science.

The status and influence of the "Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty": He was the founder of science. They elevated loyalty, filial piety, moderation, and righteousness to the level of "heavenly principles", forming a complete set of strict systems that encompass heaven and man, also known as Neo-Confucianism.

Zhou Dunyi. Combined with the "Zhou Yi" to explain the "Taiji Diagram", it provides a basis for the theory that "reason" gives birth to all things.

Shao Yong. The rearrangement of the sixty-four hexagrams of the Zhou Yi opened the way for the establishment of science.

Jang Zai. It strictly distinguishes between the concepts of heaven, Tao, nature, and mind, and accurately expresses the basic purpose and spirit of the science of science. He founded the "Qi Science" school in the science of science, and was an outstanding representative of materialism in the science of science, and made great contributions to the establishment of the science of science.

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers are collectively called "Ercheng".

The highest category of physical science, "Heavenly Principles", has been determined, and its core is "benevolence", which is the highest state of self-cultivation, and benevolence is "the joy of confucius".

The reason why Confucianism can become the orthodoxy of the feudal period is that it will continue to absorb Buddhism, Taoism and other ideological and cultural development will endure, and science is the development of Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Hope that helps)

Song Confucianism was inspired by the decline of Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty and the prosperity of Buddhism, so he was determined to revive Confucianism.

This led to the emergence of Song Studies, and the most important drop in Song Studies was the study of science.

Therefore, science is a new development of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. The science of science incorporated some philosophical theories of Buddhism and Taoism as a way to oppose Buddhism.

The Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty refer to the five philosophers of the Northern Song Dynasty

Zhou Dunyi: The ancestor of Song ** Xue, a native of Hunan County.

Shao Yong: Northern Song Dynasty philosopher. The word Yaofu. Zhuozhou, Hebei.

Zhang Zai: Philosopher of the Northern Song Dynasty. The word is thick, and he is a native of Cuo County, Shaanxi.

Cheng Yi: Northern Song Dynasty thinker, one of the founders of science. Uncle Zheng. A native of Luoyang, Henan.

Cheng Hao: Northern Song Dynasty philosopher and educator. The word Bochun. A native of Luoyang, Henan. He is known as Mr. Mingdao.

The science of the Song Dynasty was a stage of development of Confucianism, and it was the development of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Science is a new stage of development of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, which emphasizes speculation, pays attention to metaphysical philosophical thinking, and compared with the previous generation of Confucianism, it more deeply and systematically ** the original and ontological issues of the universe.

Based on the Confucian classics, the Song Dynasty inherited the tradition of pre-Qin Confucianism, and at the same time integrated Buddhist and Taoist ideas to form a new Confucian system. Among them, the five sons of the Northern Song Dynasty (Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai, and Shao Yong) are regarded as the founders of science, and on the basis of Confucianism, they put forward the concept of "reason", which is the origin of the world and the destination of all things. At the same time, they also deeply developed the concept of "the unity of nature and man", believing that man and nature are one, and that human behavior should conform to the way of nature.

In the Song Dynasty, science occupied an important position in Confucianism, and it had in-depth research and development in philosophy, ethics, political science, and education. The ideological system of science also had a far-reaching impact on the development of Confucianism after the Song Dynasty. However, with the passage of time, the science of science gradually moved towards the cumbersome and rigid dilemma of the first Ming, and was finally replaced by ritual religion in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

To sum up, the science of the Song Dynasty was an important stage of development of Confucianism, which emphasized speculative, philosophical thinking and the construction of a theoretical system, and injected new vitality into the development of Confucianism.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: Is it inheritance or development, can you tell me about the knowledge of Song Lixue?

Analysis: By the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Taoist thought of Confucianism developed into Neo-Confucianism, that is, science. Science is a new stage in the development of Confucianism, which originated from Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Jing Cheng Hao, and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty.

It is Confucianism that passed through Dong Zhongshu to the Song and Ming dynasties and became science, and then science came to the Ming and Qing dynasties and became etiquette. The general trend is that the humanistic spirit is becoming weaker and weaker, more and more.

The five sons of science in the Northern Song Dynasty were Shao Yong, Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao, and Cheng Yi;

Zhou Dunyi: The ancestor of Song ** Xue, a native of Hunan County.

Shao Yong: Northern Song Dynasty philosopher, the word Yaofu, a native of Zhuozhou, Hebei;

Zhang Zai: Northern Song Dynasty philosopher, thick characters, from Chunqin, Cuo County, Shaanxi;

Cheng Yi: Northern Song Dynasty thinker, one of the founders of science, Uncle Zheng, a native of Luoyang, Henan;

Cheng Hao: Northern Song Dynasty Zhe Dou scholar, educator, word Bochun, Pincha Henan Luoyang people, known as Mr. Mingdao.

The primitive Confucianism represented by Confucius has a more blood basis, born from family affection and ethics, and has not yet constituted a dominant ideology.

Han Dynasty classics were the dominant ideological system at the time. Although Confucianism was a "manifest school" in the pre-Qin period, it only existed as a school of thought. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "deposed a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", Confucianism has achieved a unique status and is known as "scripture".

The book "Spring and Autumn Dew" by Dong Zhongshu, a master of ramology, used the theory of yin and yang and the five elements to transform traditional Confucianism, and established a system of scriptures characterized by the induction of heaven and man, which had a significant impact on the development of scriptures.

With a refined speculative philosophical system, the social system and ethics of feudal society were justified as eternal righteousness, the root of the world, and the ontology of the universe, and became the dominant philosophy of feudal society with the greatest influence in the later period.

This question is very deep, and I can only express it according to my own understanding: Science originated in the Song Dynasty. In the early days, some Confucian scholars absorbed Taoist ideas and applied them to their lectures.

In particular, the three aspects of understanding the formation of the universe, understanding the origin of human beings, and understanding the establishment of the self have improved the deficiencies of Confucianism in this regard. As we all know, Confucius was a person who was sensitive to things and cautious in what he said, and later generations of Confucian scholars also adhered to this. Moreover, the origin of the universe and the evolution of human beings were indeed impossible to verify at that time.

Therefore, the center of Confucian discussion is mostly the relationship between people and the relationship between people and society. In terms of man and nature, they all have an attitude of "respecting and staying away". As for the Taoism represented by Lao Tzu, it is precisely the harmony between man and nature that corresponds to the soul of his thoughts.

Although there are some discrepancies with Confucianism in terms of actively transforming nature. But in the overall situation of following good and righteous, they have the same goal. Therefore, as the theoretical basis for life and the origin of the world in Confucian education became more and more urgent, it was used by Confucianism.

The doctrine formed during this period was later called the "Generalized Rationalist" Note: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism are three schools, not three Confucianism. Sweat.

Of course, there is basically nothing to do with Buddhism. It has always been a bad habit for literati to be contemptuous of each other, but it has become the driving force for their theoretical perfection and innovation, and everything is really both contradictory and unified! (Far from it here).

A group of great Confucianists represented by the Zhu Xi brothers wanted to completely eliminate the "Laozi" signboard of the integrated Taoist thought, so they stripped away the ideas and theories of the "generalized rationalists" and criticized them one by one. Under the banner of criticism, Ren Ran reluctantly absorbed the essence of Taoism, just changing the name. Therefore, it is better to say that the Doctrine of Philosophy is established on the basis of criticism of Taoism, but it is actually established by the synthesis of Taoism.

Confucianism attaches too much importance to "correcting the name" and too much to "face engineering". Criticism is only a front, annexation is the goal. Later, the thought of "Lao Tzu" who wore Confucian clothes was called "Rational Family in the Narrow Sense", and the "Rational Family" in later generations referred to "Rational Family in the Narrow Sense".

In this respect, the "Zhu Jiajun" is successful, although there is a lingering Taoist shadow, but even the clothes and names have been changed, called the Confucian school "Lijia".

Development: The development of Confucianism during the Song and Ming dynasties.

It includes two stages: "Cheng Zhu Lixue" and "Lu Wang Xinxue". The core of Cheng Zhu's science is the theory of "heavenly principle" and the theory of "learning from things", and "Lu Wang Xinxue" is a new stage in the development of science, and its core is "the heart is reason" and "there is nothing outside the heart". After the Southern Song Dynasty, Cheng Zhu Lixue became the dominant official philosophy for a long time, and Lu Wang's Xinxue was widely disseminated after the middle of the Ming Dynasty.

The influence of Song and Ming theory on traditional Chinese Confucianism:

The development of Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties.

It is the fruit of the long-term controversy and integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and it is also the process of perfecting the ideological system of Confucianism formed in the historical period of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty under the new historical conditions. It is presented in the form of Cheng Zhu Lixue and Lu Wang Xinxue, and has had a profound impact on Chinese society, politics, culture and education, as well as ethics and morality. After it was introduced to Europe in the 16th century, it coincided with the historical appeal of the revival of "rationalism" in Europe, and as a help to promote the arrival of the European rational era, the French Enlightenment and German classical philosophy were influenced by it.