The connection and difference between reality and dreams, how do we determine the difference between

Realism is one of the most common terms used in literary criticism and literary studies. The term is generally used in two senses: one is realism in the broad sense, which refers to the loyalty of literature and art to nature, which originally originated from the oldest literary theory in the West, that is, the ancient Greeks"Art is a direct reproduction of nature or an imitation of nature"The simplicity of the concept, the realism of the work or the degree of resemblance to the object become the criterion for judging the success of the work.

Vasala's "The Life of a Painter" recounts some interesting anecdotes from art history: a peacock pecks at a cherry painted too realistically by Benazoni; Giotto's teacher used a brush to drive away flies that Giotto had added to a portrait of a person. This concept of realism has dominated the history of human art for nearly 2,000 years and is still present in everyday life.

The other is realism in the narrow sense, which is a historical concept that refers specifically to the realist movement that took place in the 19th century. Historically, realism began in the debate with Romanticism, and eventually gradually lost its place in the mainstream discourse in the debate with modernism.

R. Welleck's The Concept of Realism in Literary Studies traces the history of the occurrence of the term realism in Europe and the United States: the specific application of this concept in the field of literature was in 1826. A French writer wrote an article claiming that the creed of realism, which faithfully imitated the model provided by nature, was growing day by day, and that it would be the realist literature of the 19th century.

The popularity of the term was linked to the active use of the painter Courbet and the artist Jean-Fleury, who sparked a controversy by labeling his rejected works as realists, who published a collection of essays entitled "Realism" in 1857 in defense of the realist creed. At the same time, his friend Di Ranti launched the literary criticism magazine Realism, which was short-lived and only published six issues, but its style was polemical and had a wide impact. Regarded as conservative realism by the modernist avant-garde of the 20th century, it was born in the 19th century with an avant-garde character that challenged literary conventions.

Di Rante had said unequivocally"This terrible term'Realism'is a disruptor of the genre it represents. said'Realism'pie is absurd, because realism denotes a frank and perfect expression of individuality; Stereotypes, imitations, and any genre are exactly what it opposes"（1）。

To be precise, realism challenged the artistic conventions of Romanticism, and Wimset and Brooks understood realism in their History of Western Literary Criticism as a kind of counter-movement in the mid-19th century, which it resisted"Unrealistic things", Duranti and Chambrey inherited the ideas of Pranche's resistance to Romanticism in the 30s, sharply attacking Romantic writers such as Hugo, Muse, and Pooh, accusing them"Ignoring their own time, they try to dig up zombies from the past and dress them in the glamorous costumes of history. "Realists, on the other hand, reject the lie of this kind of poetry. (2) Thus realism emerged as the antithesis and polemical opponent of Romanticism, which inherently contained the meaning of opposing fantasy and pretending to be true.

There are no boundaries between "dreams" and "reality".；People vaguely judge that when the science behind dreams cannot be fully explained, they draw conclusions based on experience. The boundary seemed slightly clearer; The feelings of reality are more intense, the pain of reality is heart-piercing, the story of reality is continuous, and it is impossible for the same time and space of reality to appear twice.

However, "dreams" and "reality" are originally artificially determined, and because of this definition, it is likely that their thoughts have been framed in a smart frame.

Maybe "reality" is the one that is more vexatious and pre-emptive, and we just convince ourselves to believe it.

Perhaps the "dream" is the second reality, in which we make a second choice in life.

Maybe it's just that we "wake up" and forget.

To exist is to be perceived"And".I think, therefore I am

How to get the truth, Descartes.

He believed that there was only reason, so he was rationalist in Western philosophy.

The representative figure, Berkeley, which will be discussed later, is empiricism.

representatives. Descartes was a Frenchman, and the European continent was generally considered to be rationalist, in contrast to British empiricism, Berkeley was one of the most important exponents, but he was not English but Irish. And it must be remembered that he is a true bishop, and he thinks that everything he does is only to prove the absolute Creator, God.

But it is clear that his successors are all completely different from his views on this point, and it is a fine example of how a philosopher's views and influences on his own doctrine can be so different. The epitome of empiricism is Hume.

But he claims to be an atheist.

The distinction between dreams and reality can only be relied upon by common sense, and of course we know whether we are dreaming or not。However, common sense is often unreliable. For example, we see the sun rising and setting, but science tells us that the earth is actually turning, and if we only believe in common sense, then science cannot exist.

Some people will say that it is not good to believe in science, butterflies are different from human DNA, take a cotton swab in your mouth, and then go to that machine to test it. If you think this solves the problem, you are too naïve to know what philosophy is. Because you can immediately use the story of Zhuangzi to refute you, your test is just a dream, or simply say that the so-called science is just a big dream.

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It is only logic that can determine what makes sense, that thing is the same for everyone, and things outside of logic are not philosophical problems. Love is a matter of affection, angel wings.

It is a matter of religion, and whether this universe will be destroyed or not is a matter of science, and it has nothing to do with philosophy. As for whether Zhuangzi is a butterfly or not, I don't know what the question is, who will do it, maybe it's psychology, it's not a philosophical question anyway.

Philosophy cannot, and should not, be such questions. Previous philosophers went astray because they didn't understand this. So Zhuangzi is really a great figure, a philosopher who has been busy for 2,000 years, but has received a similar answer to him.

The philosophy of language is not the whole of philosophy, philosophy includes the philosophy of language.

The boundaries of philosophy are difficult to determine, or it is very difficult to define what philosophy is. Science is very simple (using physics as an example), we have the principle of inaccuracy.

We don't know anything that is within the boundaries of inaccuracy.

The details are as follows.

In fact, there is an essential difference between dreams and reality, that is, reality can always be traced forward, but dreams cannot find the source to pay respect. In the real world, whatever we do, we can go back in time to how we started doing it, how we got to this place, what we were doing before we did it, and if you have a good memory, you can go all the way back to when you were born.

From a psychological point of view, dreams are a window into the unconscious. Freud and Jung are the originators of Shenshan, the Western sock family of dream interpretation (Zhou Gong interprets dreams). Psychologist Sigmund Freud believed that dreams are the satisfaction of subconscious desires, and that people can effectively suppress the subconscious mind in a waking state, so that those desires that violate moral customs cannot do whatever they want.

However, when people enter a state of sleep or relaxation, some desires will avoid the examination effect of the subconscious, secretly surface to the conscious level, and express themselves in various images, which is the formation of dreams. Dreams are a substitute for human desires, and it is the main way to release repression, in the form of a fantasy, to experience the fulfillment of this coveted instinct.