Ask the master to tell me in detail, the difference between transistor power amplifier and tube powe

Tube: The amplification and distortion of the audio signal is small, and the sound is rich and round. Therefore, audiophiles highly recommend tube amplifiers. However, it consumes more power, generates more heat, and is larger in size.

Transistor: The more distorted it will be, and the more it reproduces the original sound. But it is small in size, saves electricity and does not generate heat.

Transistor machines are still relatively common, also known as stone machines. It has a strong ability to carry loads, so the advantages of transistors are high current, wide screen bands, low-frequency control, analysis of large scenes, layering and brightness, etc., which are superior to tube machines. In addition, when the amplifier you are using is overloaded (that is, exceeding the maximum rated output power of your amplifier), it will clip the wave, in this case, the waveform of the tube is called gentle, and the transistor is a trapezoidal flat top, which is easy to cause serious sound deterioration.

Let's talk about the tube machine, in Hong Kong, people call him a gall machine, which is more suitable for listening. He is known for his feminine voice, with smooth treble and smooth midrange, with a certain sense of space. However, it lacks some analytical power, layering, and brightness, although the sound is still pleasant.

One more thing to say here is that the tube machine is easy to heat, so there should be an interval when turning on and off, otherwise it will affect the life of the machine!

Finally, whether it is a transistor or an electron tube, it is a constant voltage output power amplifier, and its impedance is very small, the transistor machine is generally below Europe, and the tube machine is below 1 ohm.

The one on the first floor is speechless.

The distortion of the electron tube is far greater than that of the transistor power amplifier, but its distortion is mainly based on even harmonics, and the human ear is not sensitive to the distortion of even harmonics.

Transistors can also be free of crossover distortion, depending on what circuit you use, and the debate between these two types of amplifiers has been going on for decades, and there has never been a better or worse one, as if you asked which one is better, an apple or a banana.

Crossover distortion occurs in Class B push-pull amplification circuits without bias. Class A and B amplifiers can overcome the problem of crossover distortion. The biggest disadvantage of transistors is that the noise caused by the penetration current inside the transistor cannot be overcome, and the noise increases with the amplification of the transistor and the amplification of the signal.

This question of yours is a question that many audio enthusiasts are more concerned about. In the end, the tube power amplifier is good, compared with the transistor (integrated block power amplifier), its advantages are in**, the following is the advantages and disadvantages of the gall machine and the stone machine, ** my own opinion:

1. The sound of the gall machine is loud, shocking and powerful, the voice is high-pitched and full, and the distortion rate is small. The reserve power is large, and the high-power horn can be pushed to the peak effortlessly.

2. The stone machine (power amplifier) has carried out electronic crossover processing on the audio, so the sound level is relatively soft, so that the auditory sense of rhythm is relatively strong, the sound range level is relatively wide, the difference between high and low audio frequency is relatively large, and the three-dimensional sense is relatively strong, so that people have a fascinating and immersive feeling.

3. Due to the electronic audio processing, the distortion rate is high, and the nonlinear distortion is relatively large, which is easy to cause hoarseness and blockage, so that the treble can not go up when it is high, and it is not low when it is low, as people often say that it is boring.

4. The nominal power on the nameplate of the stone machine is very large, and the actual rated power is not large, which is why the nameplate of the stone machine is nominally hundreds of watts or even thousands of watts, in fact, it means that the peak power, and the actual reason is that it is only a few tens of watts.

5. The production cost of the gall machine is high, cumbersome, and the power consumption is relatively high, while the stone machine is more slightly better.

6. When the bile machine is working, the bile duct glows, which can add a beautiful scenery to the family.

To sum up, on the other hand, it is purely a personal hobby, some people like to play with the gall machine, and some people like to play the stone machine, in fact, the stone machine and the gall machine, each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The tube power amplifier is also called the gall machine, and the main component of the tube in the early semiconductor industry was not very developed;Because of the short lifespan, the output power is not large, the power consumption is large and the volume is large, so it is gradually replaced by transistors and integrated circuitsAlthough there are the above defects, but the sound quality of the electronic amplifier is better, especially for appreciating the classical ** and the like, the timbre is warmer, the harmonics produced by the amplifier are also even, the human ear is not exclusive to these, so it is sought after by many burners and manufacturers, so many HiFi models on the market still use the tube as the power amplifier, and the tube process has been improved to adapt to the trend;Many well-known brands such as McKingto, Panasonic and so on have tube amplifier products. Compared with ordinary power amplifiers, the main differences are as follows: (1) The shape of the tube power amplifier is different, and the tube is usually exposed, in addition to visual considerations (the tube power amplifier is a bit similar to a light bulb after it is turned on), but also to highlight the use of valve for the sound quality of the product;There are also some products that expose the tube is also to consider the heat dissipation factor, in short, the tube power amplifier can usually be seen from the appearance of the tube (2) limited by objective factors such as volume and process, usually the output power of the tube power amplifier is not large, usually around 50W is considered large, the efficiency is relatively low, and even some are not yet, such power is usually enough for appreciating pure ** and sound quality, and transistors or FETs are incomparable to hundreds of watts (3) Tubes usually have life requirements, Similar to ordinary bulbs, aging will occur after a period of use, so the life will be shorter than that of ordinary power amplifiers (4) because the internal structure of the valve is relatively special, and the seismic resistance is not as good as that of ordinary power amplifiers (5) The output transformer will be used usually with the valve power amplifier, and this component is also the core in the tube power amplifier, which affects the distortion; Because the distortion of the tube is relatively large, and the output transformer is larger, the distortion of the tube power amplifier is usually larger than that of the transistor and integrated circuit power amplifier, but the audio is used for listening after all, not for testing, which is also one of the reasons why many audio enthusiasts still like the gall machine; In short, the biggest feature of the valve amplifier is the good sound quality.

The sound quality and timbre are not completely determined by the device, but also have a lot to do with the circuit form and the performance of the circuit. No matter what device is used, if it can meet the ideal standard, then it will not be audibly distinguishable. The current speakers are all distorted, and it should be said that the sound quality is determined by the speakers.

I invented the magnetic field countermeasure method to solve all kinds of distortions of speakers.

Advantages of valve amplifiers.

1. The input dynamic range of the tube power amplifier is large and the conversion rate is fast.

2. The power amplification of electron tubes mostly uses discrete components, manual wiring, and welding, which has low efficiency and high cost. This is especially true in developed countries.

3. The open-loop index of the tube power amplifier is better than that of the transistor, and it can work stably without adding depth negative feedback and phase compensation capacitor, so its dynamic index is better.

4. The sound quality of the tube amplifier is generally soft and beautiful, more specifically, the low-frequency sound of the tube amplifier is soft and clear, and the high-frequency sound is delicate and clean. Expressing the human voice is its strong point.

5. The treble of the tube machine is smoother, there is enough air, and it has a kind of sound coloration that a considerable number of people like, and the soft and slightly blurred sound is very beautiful.

6. The tube amplifier is mainly caused by an even number of second harmonics, which is very pleasing to the harmonic component, just like adding rich overtones and beautifying the sound.

Disadvantages of valve amplifiers.

1. The life of the electron tube is low, and some technical indicators decline significantly after one or two thousand hours of use.

2. The tube amplifier consumes high power and often works in Class A state, which reduces the efficiency, but there are basically no harmful sound quality factors such as transient intermodulation distortion, switching distortion and crossover distortion.

3. Tube amplifiers have no advantage over transistor amplifiers in terms of weight, efficiency, and life.

4. In use, the tube should have good ventilation and heat dissipation, and the overheating of the temperature will inevitably shorten the life of the tube, so it is necessary to keep the tube at a low temperature as much as possible.

5. The electron tube is afraid of vibration, so it is also important to take shockproof measures to avoid vibration as much as possible.

The tube power amplifier can not be simple and the current power amplifier is better or worse, each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Before the development of high-power transistors, only electron tubes were available as power amplifier circuits. Later, the transistor technology continued to mature, and the mature power amplifier circuit of the tube was also introduced into the transistor power amplifier. In the seventies and eighties, high-power amplifiers were still dominated by tubes.

At that time, compared with the two, the output power of the tube was large, not easy to damage, the overload capacity was strong, and the voice was warm, but the consumption was huge. Later, with the development of transistor technology, the power of transistors also increased, the protection and control circuits gradually matured, and the performance gradually improved, gradually replacing the electron tube. Now, some people who are looking for tube tone and nostalgia have turned the tube out again.

However, the trend of transistors is irreversible, and at the same time there are new developments in tubes. The two complement each other, coexist, and are people's choices.

In the early days, the transistor performance was poor and unstable, and the power amplifier was harsh, and the tube power amplifier had a soft sound without metallic sound. This feeling has always been remembered. In fact, the transistors are already very good now, and the well-designed transistor power amplifier is no worse than the sound quality of the tube power amplifier, and the dynamic is larger and the instantaneous response rate is higher.

If you only enjoy ** at home and don't pursue powerful bass, then it doesn't matter if the tube or the transistor. If you pursue the feeling of shocking fist punching chest, it is difficult for the tube to be competent, of course, if you do not hesitate to spend money.

The process of positioning the development of electronics as tubes, transistors, and integrated circuits may be right in computers or other fields, but in the field of audio power amplifiers, tubes are dominant, and the world's high-performance amplifiers, I mean amplifiers that cost hundreds of thousands, use transistors to account for less than 50%.

Which is better, tube amplifier or the current transistor amplifier? This is to analyze the difference between them. First of all, we have to start with the characteristics of the horn, there are three kinds of electric loads, inductive, capacitive and resistive, and the horn has these three properties, if the bass of the horn is required to be good, then use voltage feedback, the characteristics of the horn are that with the increase of frequency impedance also increases, the high-frequency power decreases.

If the treble is required to be good, then the current feedback is used, but the horn is over-excited at the fo. What to do, then use a compromise method, half of the voltage feedback and half of the current feedback. The tube power amplifier belongs to shallow feedback, and its nature belongs to half voltage feedback and half current feedback.

Transistor amplifiers are deep feeds, either 100% voltage feedback or 100% current feedback. If the transistor power amplifier is also connected to half voltage feedback and half current feedback, the effect is the same.

There are advantages and disadvantages in everything, depending on how it is compared.

Compared with the transistor in terms of electrical performance index, most of the parameters of the tube power amplifier are inferior to the transistor (or integrated circuit) power amplifier, but because of the physical structure of the tube, although the distortion of the tube is larger, but its odd harmonics are less, which is quite unpleasant to people's hearing, so relatively speaking, the sound of the tube is relatively better than that of the transistor (integrated circuit) power amplifier.

The tube power amplifier has a stronger overload capacity than the transistor power amplifier (the current power amplifier), such as lightning strikes, the transistor power amplifier, which burns out instantly, and the tube power amplifier, it's fine. And the sound quality is good.

The sound of the tube amplifier is better than that of the transistor amplifier!

Summary. Dear, hello, the modern electron tube ** with the transistor power amplifier effect is very good, the sound shows more three-dimensional, transparent, accurate and clear, to maximize the grasp of the original ** itself spirituality and purity. In addition, almost all tubes** have the property of natural fusion, and when combined with transistor amplifiers, they show great fidelity and presence, which not only significantly enhances the color of the sound, but also adds more details.

Dear, hello, the modern electron tube ** with the transistor power amplifier effect is very good, the sound shows more three-dimensional, transparent, accurate and clear, to maximize the grasp of the original ** itself spirituality and purity. In addition, almost all tube travel amplifiers have natural or ant fusion genus dismantling defects, when combined with transistor power amplifiers, it shows great fidelity and a sense of presence, which can not only significantly enhance the color of the sound, but also add more details. In the complex parts of some ** forms, combining the two can grasp more details and obtain a stiff and deep sense of hierarchy.

Extended data electron tube refers to the electron tube that dredges the current, which is a kind of electron tube in the airtight closed container of the Malu excavation, and is the earliest electrical signal amplifier device. The cathode electron emission part, the control gate, the acceleration gate, and the anode (screen pole) lead that are enclosed in a glass container (usually a glass tube) are welded to the tube base. The electric field is used to inject an electronic modulation signal into the control gate in a vacuum, and the signal data of different parameters after amplification or feedback oscillation of the signal are obtained at the anode.

In the early days, it was used in electronic products such as televisions, radios, amplifiers, etc., and in recent years, it has gradually been replaced by amplifiers made of semiconductor materials and integrated electromechanical core circuits, but in some high-fidelity audio equipment, low-noise, high-stability electron tubes are still used as audio power amplifier devices (Hong Kong people call the use of tube power amplifiers "bile machines").