Chemical Acid Base Salt Solubility Explained What is acid base salt solubility?

When I was in junior high school, the mantra taught by the teacher was: potassium, sodium, ammonium nitrate salt, hydrogen carbonate and oxygen are insoluble; Silver chloride in hydrochloride and barium insoluble in sulfate. The meaning is the same as your mantra, that is:

Potassium, sodium, ammonium ions as cation compounds are basically soluble in water, such as NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, KOH, Na2CO3, K2CO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, etc. are soluble in water, with the rare exception of KCLO4 (potassium perchlorate), the solubility in water is very small. Nitrate as an anionic compound is soluble, such as agno3, ba(no3)2, cu(no3)2, etc. are soluble in water, and there is no nitrate solution that is insoluble in water. Carbonate and hydroxide are mostly insoluble as anionic compounds, only those ions mentioned above such as potassium, sodium and ammonium are soluble when combined with these two anions, and other cations such as ca, cu, ag and other cations are insoluble in water when combined with carbonate and hydroxide.

Hydrochloride is Cl- as an anion, only AgCl is insoluble in water and insoluble in nitric acid, and all other nitrates are soluble. Only BaSO4 in sulfate is insoluble in water and insoluble in nitric acid, most of the others are soluble in water, and only CaSO4 is slightly soluble in water.

That is to say, sodium salts such as NaCl and nitrate Agno3 are soluble, and only AgCl is insoluble in chloride salts, and Baso4 is also insoluble.

In junior high school, as long as you remember that AgCl, BaSo4, and Ca2CO3 are insoluble, and the rest are at most Mg(OH)2 insoluble, and Ca(OH)2 is slightly soluble.

That is, those containing K+, Na+, NH4+, and NO3- can be formed into a solution, and AGCL and BaSO4 are precipitated and there is no solution, and HCl cannot react with AGCL.

The solubility of acid and alkali salts is to decompose when exposed to water. Then several at the same time put into the water is to form a precipitate or gas, depending on the reaction between them, mainly metathesis reaction, such as Na2CO3 and HCl will react to form CO2, so there are bubbles produced, potassium, sodium, ammonia salt, nitrate.

Solubility characteristics of acid and base saltsDissolution indicates that this substance is easily soluble in water to form a solution, does not indicate that this substance is insoluble in water, it can not form a solution, in water or solid form, volatilization indicates that this substance is easy to volatilize into gaseous state, micro this substance is slightly soluble in water, the mass fraction of the solution formed is relatively small, and most of the substances are still in solid form after being added to water.

Potassium, sodium, ammonia salt, nitrate can be dissolved in water, barium insoluble in sulfate, silver insoluble in chloride, potassium carbonate, sodium ammonia salt, dissolved potassium hydroxide, sodium calcium barium, silver insoluble in chloride, barium insoluble in sulfate, barium insoluble, such as chloride, only agcl is precipitated and insoluble, and only baso4 in sulfate is precipitated and insoluble.

Salts are soluble in potassium. Sodium. The same is true for ammonium salts; Carbonates have only potassium.

Sodium. Ammonium, except for these three are completely insoluble; Sulfate is mostly soluble, and only barium is insoluble. Calcium.

Silver, the last hydrochloride remains, and the precipitation is only chlorine and silver; Most alkalis are insoluble, potassium. Sodium. Barium solubility, calcium microsoluble means that all potassium salts, sodium salts, ammonium salts, and nitrates are soluble in water and can be dissolved when added to water; In addition to silver chloride and mercurous chloride, the hydrochloride is insoluble in water, and the others can be soluble in water; Among the sulfates, only lead sulfate and barium sulfate are insoluble in water, and other sulfates can be soluble in water.

Calcium sulfate and silver sulfate are slightly soluble in water. Among carbonates and phosphates, most of them are insoluble in water, except for potassium salts, sodium salts, and ammonium salts in carbonates and phosphates, which are soluble in water. Substances belonging to alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, etc., can be soluble in water, strong alkaline alkali (the first main group and some elements of the second main group) can be soluble in alkaline earth metal elements (second main group) calcium slightly soluble (because calcium and water react, produce mountains and produce calcium hydroxide, the micro-dissolution will be wrapped on the surface of calcium to prevent the reaction).

Summary of acid-base salt solubility:

1. Macroate chalcoate removes barium, lead and calcium, and chloride is insoluble in silver chloride.

The nitrate solution is transparent, and it does not sink in the formula.

Potassium, sodium, ammonium salt, dissolves quickly.

Note: Only barium sulfate, lead sulfate, and calcium sulfate are insoluble in sulfate. Nitrates are soluble in water. Salts that are not mentioned in the mantra are insoluble in water.

2. Potassium, sodium, ammonium salt, nitrate.

Chloride except silver and mercurous.

Sulfate removes barium and lead.

Carbonic acid, phosphate, only soluble potassium, sodium, ammonium.

3. Potassium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate are soluble, and hydrochloride is insoluble silver mercurous.

Sulfate is insoluble barium and lead, carbon phosphate is mostly insoluble.

Most acids are soluble and alkaline, and only potassium, sodium, ammonium, and barium are soluble.

Note: Silicic acid (silicate) not mentioned in the formula is poorly soluble in water.

4. Potassium, sodium, nitric acid soluble.

Hydrochloric acid except silver (sub)mercury.

Speaking of sulfate, barium and lead are not allowed.

Only potassium, sodium, and ammonium are dissolved.

Finally, alkalis, potassium, sodium, ammonium, and barium.

There are also several microlyses that can be remembered separately.

5. Potassium, sodium, ammonium salt, nitrate, it is not difficult to dissolve completely.

Mercurous chloride, silver chloride, barium sulfate and lead sulfate.

The four substances are insoluble, forming a precipitate memory.

Hydrosulfates and alkalis, carbonate phosphate silicates.

Insoluble is the majority, and only potassium, sodium ammonium is soluble.

6. Alkali soluble potassium, sodium, barium calcium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate fully soluble.

Carbonate dissolves potassium sodium ammonium, hydrochloride is insoluble except silver.

Sulfate is insoluble except barium silver.

Special cases: 1. The solubility of potassium, rubidium and cesium salts of perchloric acid is very small.

2. The solubility of silver perchlorate is very large, 5570 g l.

3. Silver fluoride is soluble in water, and the solubility is large, 1800 g l.

4. Potassium tetraphenylboron, sodium trititanate and ammonium diuranate are insoluble in water.

It is applied to metathesis reaction, and the metathesis reaction occurs only when there is a precipitate (when it is not dissolved) in the metathesis reaction.

Generate precipitation, intolerable can write chemical formula in the junior high school stage can not be tolerated on the memory of calcium carbonate on the line, the solubility table is used in the exam, the test will be given, no need to memorize, will look on the line, soluble than slightly soluble, easier to dissolve, slightly soluble is only very soluble, but does not mean completely insoluble.