Questions about chemical acid base salts and chemical ion equations

There are not many strong alkalis, you should be able to remember, you can remember the following in high school Strong acids: H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HBR, HI, HCO4, HCO3 Strong bases: Naoh, Koh, RBOH, CSOH, FROH (this can also be omitted, because FR is a radioactive element), BA(OH)2, CA(OH)2 The substances in this are all dismantled except for CA(OH)2.

Ca(OH)2 is a microsoluble substance, which is treated according to the following rules: if it is a product, it is regarded as a precipitate and is not disassembled; If it is a reactant and it is a clear solution, it will be dismantled, and if it is lime milk, it will be retained into a chemical formula. The main detachable salts are:

Potassium salts, sodium salts, ammonium salts, nitrates. In addition to these categories, you can find other detachable salts from the solubility table at the back of the textbook, which says that the dissolved salts can be dismantled. Ion coexistence, principle:

Those who can react cannot coexist, and those who do not react can coexist. Which can react, in the solution can form insoluble substances (e.g., precipitation), difficult ionization substances (e.g.,

water), volatile substances (e.g. gases), and redox reactions in solution. There are a few examples of redox reactions

For example, when I-, SO3, 2-, Fe2+ encounter NO3-(H+)Clo-(H+) Mno4-, redox reactions occur and cannot coexist. Good luck with your learning and progress.

The conditions for the metathesis reaction are precipitation, water and gas formation (the conditions for the high and medium ion reaction to be precipitated, weak electrolyte and gas generation), and the coexistence of chemical ions, if the ion exchange components in the aqueous solution can generate precipitation, weak electrolyte and gas, they cannot coexist, and the non-reaction can coexist. Strong electrolytes (substances that can be fully ionized in aqueous solution) have strong acids, strong bases, and most salts that are soluble in water, weak electrolytes (substances that can be partially ionized in aqueous solutions) have weak acids, weak bases, metal oxides, etc., which are soluble in water, and common strong acids are: HCl, H2SO4, Hno3 strong bases

In the Naoh, Koh, Ca(OH)2 ion equation, the strong electrolyte dissolved in water should be disassembled, and the weak electrolyte should not be dismantled. Detachable salts, because most of the salts are strong electrolytes, can be disassembled, but some of the splits are special, such as NaHSO4 and NaHCO3 NAHSO4=NA+ +H+ +SO4 2- NAHCO3=NA+ +HCO3+ There is also a special, Ca(OH)2 is a slightly soluble strong electrolyte, but it should be disassembled in the reactants, and cannot be disassembled in the products. Such as:

Ca(OH)2( reactant )+CO2 ion equation: Ca+ +2OH- +CO2 ==CaCO3 +H2O Caci2+NaOH ion equation: Ca+ +2OH- ==Ca(OH) (product) (The slightly soluble substances in the ion equation are also precipitated) I'm in my first year of high school, so I can only help you so much.

Sodium carbonateThe ionic equation for the reaction with hydrochloric acid is: CO32 +H+=HCO3- or CO32 +2H+=CO2 +H2O.

Sodium carbonate reacts with sufficient hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride.

and carbonic acid, unstable carbonic acid immediately decomposes into carbon dioxide.

and water. This reaction can be used to prepare carbon dioxide, the chemical equation.

is: Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2CO3; h2co3=co2↑+h2o。The total chemical equation is: Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+CO2+H2O.

Sodium carbonate precautions.

Soda should be stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. It should be stored separately from acids, etc., and should not be mixed. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain the spill.

The packaging should be complete and the loading should be secure when it is shipped. During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or damage. It is strictly forbidden to mix with acids, edible chemicals, etc.

During transportation, it should be protected from exposure to sun, rain and high temperature. Vehicles should be thoroughly cleaned after transportation.

CO32 +H+=HCO3- or CO32 +2H+=CO2 +H2O

Sodium carbonate [497-19-8] (Na2CO3), molecular weight. The purity of chemicals is mostly above (mass fraction), also known as soda ash, but the classification belongs to salt, not alkali. Also known as soda or soda ash in international **.

It is an important organic chemical raw material, mainly used in the production of flat glass, glass products and ceramic glaze. It is also widely used in household washing, acid neutralization, and food processing. Sodium carbonate is a white, odorless powder or granule at room temperature.

It is absorbent and gradually absorbs 1mol l of water (about = 15%) in the open air.

Its hydrates are Na2CO3·H2O, Na2CO3·7H2O and Na2CO3·10H2O. Sodium carbonate is easily soluble in water and glycerol. 20 per 100 grams of water can dissolve 20 grams of sodium carbonate, when the solubility is the largest, 100 grams of water can be dissolved gram of sodium carbonate, slightly soluble in absolute ethanol, insoluble in propanol.

CO3 2- +H+ = CO2 (gas) +H2O

In the reaction, sodium ions and chloride ions do not participate in the reaction, so they do not need to be reflected in the above ion reaction equation.

In the chemical reaction, sodium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form carbon dioxide gas, water, and sodium chloride. However, since sodium chloride is susceptible to water and does not change the state of sodium ions and chloride ions in water, it does not need to be written.

Partially, to be exactStrong acidsand the ionic equation of some strong bases can be expressed by an equation:

For example, hydrochloric acid (chemical formula: HCl) andSodium hydroxide(chemical formula: NaOH), andNitric acid(Chemical Formula:.)

HNO) andPotassium hydroxide(chemical formula: koh) can be expressed as:

h⁺+oh⁻=h₂o

But some cannot, for example, the ionic equation for the reaction of iron hydroxide with hydrochloric acid is expressed as follows:

fe(oh)₃+3h⁺=fe³⁺+3h₂o

The ionic equation for the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base can be expressed by an equation, which is H++OH-=H2O. However, the reaction of weak acid and weak base cannot be represented in this way. Because they are also weak electrolytes.

The ionic equations for acid and base reactions can represent either one equation or many equations of the same class.

Of course, you can, but the premise is that the reaction between acid and base does not generate precipitated gas, you can summarize most of the reaction of acid and base as hydrogen ions and hydroxide to form water, this ion equation, but for example, sulfuric acid and barium hydroxide reaction, this requires additional precipitation.

The reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium carbonate solution in small amounts, chemical equation: Na2CO3 + HCl = NaHCO3 + NaCl ion equation: CO32-+

h+=hco3

Reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium carbonate solution in excess, chemical equation: Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2 ion equation: CO3

2-+2h+

co2↑+h2o

When hydrochloric acid is long: 2H+ +CO3 2- = H2O+CO2

When hydrochloric acid is low: H+ +CO3 2- = HCO3-