Seeking the name of an ancient criminal law, what are the ancient criminal laws?

During the period of slave society, there were three kinds of punishments: regular punishment, exile and imprisonment, and the main punishment included five kinds of punishments: ink, slash, palace, patella, and Dapi.

In the period of slave society, the punishment was divided into three kinds of punishment: regular punishment, exile and imprisonment, and the main punishment included five kinds of punishment, such as ink, slash, palace, patella and Dapi.

Although Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty abolished the ink punishment, the sword punishment, the palace punishment, and the patella punishment, he soon re-established the palace punishment, and the other three punishments continued until the Sui Dynasty. The penal system of the Xia Dynasty inherited the habits of primitive society to a large extent, and implemented a penal system based on five kinds of formal punishments, such as ink punishment and slashing punishment. At the same time, there were also punishments created by the rulers at will, and it was recorded in the "Shangshu Da Biography" that there were more than 3,000 kinds of punishments in the Xia Dynasty.

Legal Analysis: As an important part of the ancient legal system, the development and change of criminal punishment is essentially a condensation of the development and progress of the entire Chinese society. The reasons for the development and change of the penal system are multi-layered, with different characteristics in different eras, and different contemporaries in power have different measures.

Punishments are generally prescribed, universal, and recorded by the ruling class. However, the general trend of development is to develop in the direction of primitive barbarism, backwardness, and brutality in the direction of civilization and prudence.

Legal basis: Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China Article 1 This Law is formulated on the basis of the Constitution and in light of China's specific experience and actual situation in the struggle against crime, so as to punish crimes and protect the people.

1. Criminal law is a tool used to maintain and consolidate class rule with the disintegration of the clan system and the emergence of class society. China's criminal law has a long history, with a history of more than 4,000 years, and there are many records in the pre-Qin classics.

2. In ancient China, the meaning was that the slave society implemented the well field system, there was a well in the middle of the well field, and the slave owner sent someone with a knife to guard, and whoever went to grab water would cut off his head, which was called "punishment". The original writing of "law" is "灋", with three points of water on the left and a "廌" on the right, and the word "go" is added below. Legend has it that in ancient times, there was a kind of beast called "廌", which had a horn on its head that could distinguish the straight and straight, and would use the horn to resist if there was an upright person; "Go" means to go to the song; The three points of water are sideways, which is a metaphor for the impartiality of law enforcement.

Said Wen, Jingbu": "Punishment, punishment also, from the knife well." "Yi" said:

Wells, Fa also. Zhang Shunhui's "Commentary on the Words of Shuowen" Volume 10: "The word of punishment is from the well, and the cover and the word are agreed from the water."

It can be known that the words of the ancients are all taken from the level of water. ”

Legal analysis: China's ancient legal system is heavy on punishment and light on civilians, so criminal law has become the most complete departmental law. As an important part of criminal law, there were many kinds of punishments in ancient China.

However, the punishments in ancient China can be roughly classified into five categories. The five punishments before the Sui were: ink punishment, 劓 (yì) punishment, 刖 (yùe) punishment, palace punishment, and 大辟 (pì), and the first four were corporal punishments.

Legal basis: "Kaihuang Law" When Yang Jian was an assistant to the Northern Zhou Dynasty, in view of his "harsh Xing government and the horrified hearts of the people", he advocated "simple laws and regulations" and "bowed to frugality", and the result was "the world is happy". That is, after the throne, when the new law was formulated, the torture of the previous dynasty, such as whipping, beheading, and chariot splitting, as well as the "law of killing and sitting together" were abolished.

Establish that the five punishments of death penalty, exile, imprisonment, cane, and flogging are divided into 20 grades, that is, the second death penalty: hanging and beheading; Third degree of exile: 1,000 li, 1,500 li, 2,000 li, or two, two and a half years, or three years of hard labor; Imprisonment of the fifth degree:

One year, one and a half years, two years, two and a half years, three years; Fifth class of caning: from sixty to one hundred; Fifth degree of flogging: from 10 to 50.

Torture in ancient China was a cruel criminal law aimed at executing or punishing criminals, mainly including Ling Chi, beheading, beheading, skinning, cannon branding, and palace punishment. The famous ones are "Ten Tortures of the Manchu Dynasty" and "Ten Tortures of the Shang Dynasty".

Shang Dynasty torture - gourd blowing, slashing, cannon branding, pot (ten thousand snake pits), burial punishment, preserved punishment, sitting on the Jiashi, soup punishment, dripping punishment (dripping punishment), gouging out the eyes, digging the heart (digging the heart), etc.

Manchu torture - skinning, beheading, car splitting, five punishments, Ling Chi, hanging, cooking, palace punishment, slashing, inserting needles, burying alive, poisoning, stick punishment, sawing, breaking the vertebrae, filling lead, playing the lute, pumping intestines, riding a wooden donkey, etc.

Folk torture - dipping pig cages, finger pinching, human stakes, burning at the stake, red embroidered shoes, etc.