What are the problems in the current development of the domestic pension industry?

China's population has a low birth rate and an aging population

At present, the number of elderly people in China continues to rise, the birth rate continues to decrease, and the aging trend of the population is more obvious. Data show that in 2019, the number of people over 65 years old in China was 100 million, accounting for the total population, an increase of one percentage point compared with 2018. In the same year, the birth rate decreased by one percentage point from 2018.

There is a shortage of beds in nursing institutions, and there is a huge demand gapAccording to experts in related fields, from 2014 to 2050, the effective demand for various nursing services for the mildly disabled elderly has increased significantly, with an increase of more than 100%. Among them, the long-term care services that have long ranked among the top three effective needs of the mildly disabled elderly are health consultation and management, meal assistance, and medication services. The ranking of needs will not change by 2050.

In addition, the long-term care services that have increased the scale of effective demand relatively large are special care, meal assistance, and medication services.

—The above data** refer to the "Forward-looking Industry Research Institute" published by the Prospective Industry Research InstituteAnalysis report on the development prospect and investment strategic planning of China's pension industry

The market is undersupplied.

The recently announced "13th Five-Year Plan" for the development of the national aging cause and the construction of the pension system is expected to increase to about 100 million people over 60 years old by 2020, the number of elderly people and the number of people suffering from related geriatric diseases are growing, and the demand for medical care and pension will be more urgent, but the gap between the fees and services of the pension institutions in the market is large, and the consumption level determines the long-term coexistence of the contradiction between "a bed is hard to find" and "high vacancy rate".

Policy implementation is not in place.

In recent years, in order to support social forces to set up pension institutions or participate in the development of the pension industry, the state has introduced a series of preferential policies in terms of land, capital subsidies, tax exemptions and exemptions, etc., but due to the fact that some places have not concretized the national policy and lacked the corresponding supporting implementation mechanism, it is difficult to implement preferential policies such as land, planning and construction, tax exemption and exemption in some places, and failed to give full play to the incentive and support role of preferential policies for the development of the pension industry and pension institutions by social forces.

Hello, glad to answer for you. At present, there are common problems in the pension service industry: (1) The overall development of the pension service industry lacks long-term planning. In some areas, the pension service industry started late and is still in the exploration stage, lacking long-term planning in the overall development.

In terms of the development of the pension service industry, the main body of the development of the bridge is not clear. Traditionally, the pension service industry is dominated by the first class, and the funds mainly rely on financial subsidies at all levels, with strong administrative colors. On the other hand, the establishment of institutional pension and community pension institutions is blind, and some pension service institutions lack the sustainable development momentum after the financial "food shortage", and there is a risk of project shelving or personnel disbandment.

In addition, in terms of home care for the elderly, there is a lack of long-term, stable and professional home care service organizations, and the contradiction between supply and demand is more prominent. At present, there is a large demand for home-based care for the elderly, and there is no home-based care service enterprise with mature management experience in the market, and it has not yet formed an operation model with clear functional positioning, mature service model, stable personnel, supervision in place, and complete industry standardization, which is difficult to meet the needs of the elderly. (2) The policy lacks flexibility, does not fully integrate the actual local situation, and lacks an effective performance consideration mechanism for investing funds.

At present, the relevant policies and regulations are too rigid in their provisions on some specific matters, and the one-size-fits-all approach is adopted in the face of complex situations in various places, which is not in line with local realities, and is easy to cause the embarrassing situation of "there are no beds in demand, and there is no source for beds". In addition, a large amount of funds have been invested in the development of the pension service industry, and various pension institutions and day care centers have also been established. However, some areas have not yet formed an effective fund performance evaluation mechanism, and the social benefits of the project have not been fully evaluated, and it is difficult to consider the benefits of fund use.

(3) The proportion of pension institutions is unreasonable, and the proportion of urban pension beds is small. In general, most of the beds are for the urban "three noes" and the rural five guarantees and the elderly in rural areas, and the proportion of service facilities for the elderly in urban areas is relatively small. In the past, most of our country took the first as the main body to build welfare pension institutions such as nursing homes and nursing homes, which were oriented to the elderly who were financially difficult or unable to take care of themselves, focusing on "welfare"; This kind of simple welfare and relief care institutions can not meet the requirements of the elderly for caregivers, and affects the acceptance of the elderly to the socialized pension development model.

4) The market has not been effectively realized, the property rights of pension institutions are not clear, and the development of private pension service institutions is slow. There are relatively few private pension institutions, and most of the other types of pension institutions are set up for investment, with unclear property rights and a lack of clear rights and obligations. The reasons are, first, the pension service industry is still in its infancy, the market competition mechanism has not been introduced, the market is not active enough, the lack of an effective profit model, and the survival difficulties of the pension institutions.

Second, in the pension service industry, the regulations and industry standards required for market-oriented operation are not perfect enough, and they are facing policy bottlenecks, which is not conducive to the development of the pension service industry. Third, the industry organization is not sound enough to achieve industry self-discipline.

The current situation and countermeasures of China's pension problem are as follows:

According to the data of the seventh national census, the number of elderly people over 60 years old in the country has reached 100 million, accounting for the total population of the country; The elderly population over the age of 65 reaches 100 million, accounting for the total population of the country. And according to **, in 2040, the proportion of the elderly population aged 65 and above will exceed 20% of the total population.

At present, China implements the "9037" pension model. "9037" means that 90% of the elderly are taken care of by their families, and family-based home care is adopted; 7% of the elderly enjoy the community-based home care service that provides day care; 3% of the elderly enjoy institutional pension services. In the future, the pension model will also develop in the direction of focusing on the basic living needs of the elderly and improving the quality of life.

Introduction to Population Ageing

Two meanings: one refers to the process of the relative increase in the elderly population and the increasing proportion of the total population; The second refers to the fact that the social population structure is in a state of old age and has entered an aging society. The international view is that when the elderly population over 60 years old accounts for 10% of the total population of a country or region, or the elderly population over 65 years old accounts for 7% of the total population, it means that the population of the country or region is in an aging society.

Population ageing refers to the dynamics of the corresponding increase in the proportion of the elderly population in the total population due to the decrease in the number of young people and the increase in the number of elderly people due to the decrease in fertility rate and the increase in life expectancy.

From the current population structure of our country, the pension industry is definitely a very potential industry, the overall development is currently doing better and more perfect, are concentrated in the first-tier cities, and there are many unsatisfactory places.

The reason why it is said that it is an industry cannot be understood purely from a certain category, for example, nursing homes are also pension industries, but he can only be regarded as a part of the industrial chain rather than all of them. The life of the elderly is inseparable from these things, eating (nutritious food or health products, and medicines), wearing (multi-functional and comfortable clothing), and walking (the elderly are old and have bad legs and feet, and some have some kind of disease It is inconvenient to go out). Therefore, fundamentally speaking, the entire living conditions and physical condition of the elderly are the overall formation of the industrial chain.

However, at present, there are many gaps in China that need to be filled urgently, and this industry has unlimited possibilities.