The reason for the success and failure of the modern Sino Japanese reform in modern China

As of May 2019, the two reforms were named Taika Reform and Meiji Restoration.

1. The first time was the Dahua Reform (which occurred in 646).

Impact of Dahua Reform:

The Taika Reform, a movement for social and political change in Japan, took place in 646, the first year of Taika. This event is known as the change of Otsumi, the reformists took the Tang Dynasty's legal order system as a model, referred to the old Japanese customs, carried out reforms from the economic and political aspects, stipulated the feudal state system of ** centralized power, and announced the content of the reform, and the law strictly divided the good and low identity system.

The Taika Reform struck a blow at the power of the slave owners and aristocrats and established a centralized system, marking the transition from a slave society to a feudal society in Japan.

2. The second was the Meiji Restoration (which began in the mid-19th century).

Meiji Restoration Impact:

The Meiji Restoration led to the rapid rise of Japan, which reformed the backward feudal system and embarked on the road of developing capitalism by learning from the West and "breaking away from Asia and joining Europe". At the same time, Japan abrogated the unequal treaties and got out of the national crisis, becoming the only country in Asia that could maintain its national independence. However, the Meiji Restoration was incomplete and retained a large number of feudal remnants in various respects.

Later, Japan embarked on the path of foreign aggression and joined the ranks of the world's capitalist powers. The Meiji Restoration promoted the progress of Japanese society, freed it from the national crisis, and embarked on the road of developing capitalism, becoming the largest power in Asia.

Economy: Both countries are deeply entrenched in the feudal mode of production, but there are huge differences. In the middle of the 19th century, Japan was dominated by the shogunate lords' land tenure, which was forbidden to be bought and sold, and once the commodity economy developed rapidly, the lordship system could easily disintegrate.

Then the rule of the shogunate lord class based on it will also collapse.

In China, it is the landlord land ownership system. This land tenure is free to buy and sell land. It is very resilient under the impact of the commodity economy, so the landlord land ownership system is not easy to disintegrate.

The common goal of the various strata of people surrounding land activities is to maintain this landlord land tenure.

Culture: Guo Moruo said in his analysis of the reasons for the success and failure of China and Japan: "The burden of China's inherent culture is too heavy, and the cultural age before capitalism is too long, at least 3,000 years, so it has a longing for the past culture and resists the new culture, and often regards Europe and the United States as barbarian states."

It is true that Chinese culture before capitalism was glorious, but because it was so glorious, it was inevitably a great burden during the period of change.

At the same time, he said: "Japan has its own culture, and it has a culture that has been transmitted from China, but to put it in too many details, Japan's burden is not as heavy as China's, so it goes fast." ”

Three major reforms in Japanese history:

Japan's reforms are not about resting on their laurels and making a fuss about their own traditions. Each reform was aimed at the most advanced scientific civilization in the world at the time. The benchmark for reform is not just based on one's own past and current situation, but on the world level.

The development of Japanese society is closely related to several successful major reforms in history. In any process of social development, philosophical thought inevitably and to varying degrees plays a role in different forms.

Throughout the history of Japan, there have been thousands of reforms in the historical development of Japanese society, and three of them have had a major impact on society and have undergone qualitative changes

These are the Taika Reform (645), the Meiji Restoration (1868), and the Postwar Reform (1945).

The history of the first major social reform, known as the Dahua Reform, was a comprehensive reform carried out from the political, economic, cultural, and military fields from the change from a slave society to a feudal social system. It was led by the eldest brother of the new feudal aristocracy. During the reign of Prince Shotoku, the reform of the Tuiko Dynasty provided an objective basis for the reform of Daehua.

From top to bottom, Japan has tried to save the country, actively reformed the malpractice and established new ones, and reformed the political and judicial theocratic system, education, military, and economy in an all-round way; Hence the rise soon;

In order to safeguard the interests of the ruling class, the Qing Dynasty only carried out military reforms, while education and the political system were reluctant to reform, and finally missed the great opportunity for reform, and collapsed under the pattern of internal and external difficulties.

Modern Chinese history is the history of China from the outbreak of the Opium War in June 1840 to the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. After the late Qing Dynasty, the Provisional Period of the Chinese People's Rebellion, the Beiyang Warlord Period and the National Period, it is the history of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society gradually forming and disintegrating.

China's modern history is a history of humiliation full of disasters, backwardness and beatings, a history of exploration by Chinese people to explore the road to national salvation and the realization of freedom and democracy, and a history of the struggle of the Chinese nation to resist aggression, defeat imperialism to achieve national liberation, and overthrow feudalism to achieve prosperity and strength of the people.

One is that the imperial power has always been unimportant, there are no important interests to compromise, and the local feudal towns were overthrown and unified under the emperor's rule shortly after the reform, so the reform in Japan was very successful.

The imperial interests of the Qing Dynasty were too huge, and the feudal society of thousands of years reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty, and the conservative forces were too strong so that the reformists could only compromise, and the intensity of innovation was only superficially promoted, and the requirements of innovation could not be met.

Dahua reform.

Movement for Socio-Political Change in Japan. It occurred in 645, so the year is the first year of Dahua, hence the name. In 593, the reform of the Tuigu Dynasty implemented after the regency of Prince Shotoku initially established the centralized system and the central idea of imperial power, and weakened the conservative power of the noble slave owners with the surname.

However, the reform did not touch the tribal system, let alone destroy the power of the clan and surname aristocracy. After the death of Prince Shotoku, his relatives of the Soga clan took power, and the father and son of Soga Ezo and Soga Iriru rejected the reform forces, killed Prince Shotoku's son, Yamabei Elder Brother, and established another emperor. In 640, Prince Shotoku sent Gao Xiang Xuanli and Nanyuan, a monk who had studied in China for more than 30 years, to return to China (after Monk Min had returned to China in 632), bringing back the feudal ruling system and ideology and culture of the Sui and Tang dynasties, and imparting them to the imperial family and nobles, providing the ideological basis for Japan's feudalization.

The Taika Reform changed Japan from a slave society to a feudal one.

The Meiji Restoration transformed Japan from a feudal society to a capitalist one.

The Meiji Restoration refers to the top-down and capitalist comprehensive Westernization and modernization reform movement carried out in Japan in the 60s of the 19th century against the backdrop of the impact of Western capitalist industrial civilization. This reform began in 1868 with the establishment of a new ** by Emperor Meiji, and the modernization of political reforms in Japan and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; Economically, we will promote "colonization and industry", learn from European and American technologies, and carry out a wave of industrialization; In addition, he advocated "civilization and enlightenment", Europeanization of social life, and vigorous development of education. This reform made Japan one of the world's great powers and set sail for Japan's modernization, but it also enabled Japan to embark on the road of militarism of foreign aggression and expansion, and caused heavy disasters to its Asian neighbors.

The Meiji Restoration can't be developed.