What is the Trans Pacific Partnership? Who dominates it

The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement is abbreviated as TPP.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) is an important international multilateral economic negotiation organization, formerly known as the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (P4).

It is initiated by New Zealand, Singapore, Chile and Brunei, which are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and a group of free agreements on multilateral relations that have been brewing since 2002.

On September 16, 2021, China's Minister of Commerce, Wang Wentao, submitted a written letter from China's formal application for membership in the CPTPP to New Zealand**, the depositary of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and Minister of Export Growth O'Connor. The ministers of the two countries also held a meeting to communicate on the follow-up work of China's formal application for accession.

Social Implications of the Trans-Pacific Partnership:

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) will break away from the traditional FTA model and create a comprehensive FTA that includes all goods and services.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) will have an important impact on the process of Asia-Pacific economic integration, and may integrate the two major economic regional cooperation organizations in the Asia-Pacific region, namely the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), into an Asia-Pacific free ** zone covering most of the members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and become a small World Trade Belt Organization (WTO) in the Asia-Pacific region.

China has not yet acceded to the agreement, but it is not excluded that it will do so in the future at an appropriate time. In the short term, the agreement may have a certain impact on China's external world, but in the long run, in the context of economic globalization, no multilateral arrangement can exclude non-agreement countries and regions from the international system, otherwise its own development will be greatly limited.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a 12-nation free** agreement that aims to promote liberalization and economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region. TPP's member countries include Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore, Peru, Vietnam, the United States, New Zealand and Brunei.

The TPP was shelved after Trump took office, but its member states signed a new freedom** agreement, the Trans-Pacific Partnership 11 (CPTPP), in November 2018. The agreement retains the core elements of the TPP, but cuts down on some controversial provisions, such as intellectual property rights and investment arbitration. The CPTPP came into force on December 30, 2018, making it one of the largest free** zones in the world.

The TPP began negotiations in 2005 and lasted 10 years, and was signed in Atlanta, USA, on October 5, 2015, becoming one of the world's largest freedom** agreements. The agreement covers a number of areas such as investment, intellectual property, environmental protection, labor rights, e-commerce, etc., and aims to promote liberalization and economic cooperation among member countries.

The signing of the TPP has caused widespread controversy. Proponents argue that the TPP will promote trade and investment liberalization among member countries, helping to improve economic efficiency and international competitiveness. Opponents argue that the TPP could have negative impacts on some industries and countries, such as exacerbating the gap between rich and poor, harming the environment, and weakening labor rights.

It is nothing more than to increase international influence and its own strength. After all, everyone cooperates, but they don't have it, isn't it a loss.

Because the current international situation is gradually changing, the past EU era is gradually disintegrating, and the United Kingdom has withdrawn from the European Union, so it must seek a better partner.

I think the UK is doing this in order to improve its overall national strength and economic development faster.

The big headline on the encyclopedia is a look at regret, pay attention to the content after the United States is defeated and the response of the country. It's only 10 points, but Mr. HHJ is still very good at taking the previous notes.

For example, there are many high-standard clauses in environmental protection, labor, origin and procurement. As an important platform for Asia-Pacific economic integration, TPP is still essentially in the FTA category, but its agreement content and standards significantly exceed the level of the existing FTA. The "high standards" of the TPP are, to a large extent, a reflection of the United States' concept of freedom and its strategic interests.

First of all, in the field of goods, it is required to finally achieve zero tariff on all goods; In the field of services, a relatively liberal approach of "pre-establishment national treatment + most-favored-nation treatment + exception clause" has been adopted, that is, pre-establishment national treatment and most-favored-nation treatment are granted to all service sectors, and only a few special service industries such as national defense, finance, and aviation are subject to exception clauses. Moreover, the "negative list" model is adopted in the fields of services**, financial services, and investment. Second, in the field of intellectual property, the standards proposed by the TPP in terms of geographical indicators, copyright protection, anti-circumvention liability, patent protection, drug pricing, etc., are also significantly higher than those of the WTO's Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights Related to ** (TRIPS).

Taking pharmaceutical patent protection as an example, the United States initially wanted to grant 12 years of patent protection for biologics during the TPP negotiations, but was opposed by other contracting parties, and finally had to compromise to shorten the protection period to 8 years. Contracting Parties such as New Zealand were of the view that excessive protection of patents could hinder innovation and generic drug production and undermine the interests of developing countries within the TPP. Third, the TPP agreement has specially added labor and environmental provisions, which are linked to the United States, and by imposing higher labor and environmental standards on other countries, it will help the United States to impose sanctions on the export products of other member countries, especially developing countries, in order to achieve the purpose of safeguarding its own interests.

Fourth, the TPP agreement also includes a separate chapter for state-owned enterprises, advocating the abolition of policy support, financial subsidies and other welfare benefits for state-owned enterprises, including preferential financing measures for overseas investment of state-owned enterprises, protection of foreign private enterprises' economic activities, and revocation of preferential preferences for procurement. These rules may not have a significant impact on existing member states, but they will be difficult for China, with its many state-owned enterprises, to bear in the short term.