What are the main points of contention between the Westernists and the diehards?

The main content of their dispute is whether to learn and introduce advanced technology from the West!

The diehards stick to the old ways, blindly xenophobic, hate all foreign things, and think that everything is fine in China. Western science and technology are nothing but deception.

The Westernists believed that China's traditional system was perfect, that Western science and technology were advanced, and that on the premise of not touching the feudal system, they should learn advanced science and technology from the West and combine the two.

Westernization MovementThe representative of the diehards of the period was Ujin.

Wuren was a jinshi in the ninth year of Daoguang (1829) and the emperor of Tongzhi.

Teacher, Master of Science. He successively served as the secretary of Dali Temple, Guanglu Temple, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry, the scholar of Wenyuan Pavilion University, and the scholar of Wenhuadian University, and was highly respected by the rulers. At the beginning of the Western-style cracked and guessed the fortune of Qinchun, it was resolutely opposed by the diehards, and the university scholar Wuren personally went out and wrote to Cixi.

Resolutely opposed. <>

The reason why the diehards such as Uren obstructed the Westernization Movement

What he was most worried about was that after Western thought took root in China, his position in Confucianism would not be secured, after all, he was a master of Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty, and he was also the leader of Confucianism.

If Confucianism.

If it is suppressed, people will no longer learn, and the country will no longer be important, so the status of the Uren will naturally plummet, and the day will be precarious, so the Uren has played the emperor many times, and the language is quite harsh.

1. Resistance of the landlord class.

He advocated resolutely resisting the "invading West" and adopting an attitude of understanding and learning from the "advanced West", "opening his eyes to the world" and "mastering the skills of the West to control the country" and seeking the way to save the country and resist humiliation from the West.

Practical activities: Translated books, including "Atlas of the Sea Kingdom", "Yinghuan Chronicles", and "Chronicles of the Four Continents".

The result: to inspire people to break free from the cage of isolation and seclusion, to re-understand the world, and to take the first step of modern China to learn from the West.

2. Diehards.

Proposition: The diehards represented by the filial piety and benevolence sang "the way to build a country, the way to build a country, the etiquette and righteousness are not yet the power scheme, the fundamental plan, in the hearts of the people is not in the skill", advocating "faithfulness as the armor, etiquette and righteousness as the trunk", to resist foreign insults. The Westernists opposed the old school, believing that the old school was "very high and upright", but "taking propriety and righteousness as the backbone and faithfulness as the armor is not conducive to self-improvement and reality."

Practical activities: ignorance, blind xenophobia, hatred of all foreign things, closed off from the country.

Result: Defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War.

3. Westerners.

Claim; The Westernists take "self-improvement through self-improvement" as the main purpose and "middle school as the body, Western learning as the use" as the principle. In order to solve the problems of raw materials, capital, and transportation in the military industry, we will vigorously set up civilian industry, mining, and transportation industries, so as to achieve the goal of seeking prosperity and resisting foreign capitalist aggression and expansion.

They advocate learning from Western sound, light, electricity, chemistry, ships, trains, machines, guns, newspapers and periodicals, schools, and so on, and waving the banner of "self-improvement" and "seeking prosperity." He believed that in order to become rich and strong and make China "prepared," it was necessary to study the natural sciences and even social and political science of the Western bourgeoisie, so he advocated the development of "Western studies," "Westernization," the establishment of military factories, the production of new types of military enterprises, and the establishment of new types of armies, so as to achieve the goal of "self-improvement."

Practical activities: A number of modern military industries were founded, the slogan of seeking wealth was raised, and civilian industries and new transportation industries were also developed. A number of civilian industries were established.

Result: In the First Sino-Japanese War, the Beiyang Navy was completely annihilated, marking the complete loss of naval strength of the Qing Dynasty and the bankruptcy of the 35-year Westernization Movement.

It is whether or not to learn the advanced technology of the West.

The Westernists advocated the use of advanced science and technology in the West to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty; The diehards, on the other hand, are conservative, ignorant, blindly xenophobic, hateful to all foreign things, and fantasize about restoring the situation of "closing the country to the outside world."

Whether to learn the advanced technology of the West. The Westernists advocated learning from the advanced technology of the West, while the diehards opposed it.

The Westernists supported the "mastery of the art to control the country".

There are three in total, the debate of Huayi, the debate of righteousness and benefit, and the debate of Taoism.

The system is a constitutional system of monarchy or not.