What are the hydrological characteristics of rivers in China? What are the most important hydrologic

The hydrological characteristics of rivers in China include water level (determined by the type of river recharge, and the change of water level in rivers fed by rainwater is determined by the characteristics of precipitation; Rivers fed by glacial meltwater, water level changes are determined by temperature characteristics), flow (rivers fed by rainwater, depending on the amount of precipitation; The basin area is large, the general flow is large), the sediment content (determined by the surface vegetation in the basin), the presence or length of the ice period (the average monthly temperature of the coldest month), and the water energy reserve (determined by the topography and climatic characteristics in the basin).

China's internal rivers are mainly distributed in the northwest, and the Tarim River is the largest inland river in China. Alpine ice and snow melt is the main source of water for inland rivers, so the hydrological characteristics of rivers are closely related to the seasons.

Hydrological characteristics of outflow rivers in China: river water mainly comes from rainwater; Affected by the summer monsoon, the water volume in summer is large, and the high water level forms the flood season (there is also a spring flood in the rivers in Northeast China), and the dry season forms in winter. The sediment content of rivers in North China is large, while that of rivers in South China is small. In winter, the rivers north of the Qinling-Huaihe River freeze; Some sections of the river have floods.

Hydrological characteristics of China's internal rivers: river water mainly comes from alpine ice and snow melt water; Affected by temperature, the river forms a flood season in summer and often breaks off in winter. The volume of rivers is generally not large; Some inland rivers have a large sediment content.

South: large amount of water, long flood season, ice-free period, low sediment content.

Reason: There is a lot of precipitation in the south, a long precipitation period, a temperature above zero degrees in winter, and a lot of vegetation.

North: small amount of water, short flood season, ice period, large sediment content.

Causes: Low precipitation, short precipitation period, winter temperature below freezing, large destruction of vegetation in the area through which the river flows.

Inland river: It is mainly melted by alpine ice and snow, with small water volume, large seasonal changes, and easy to break the flow.

What are the hydrological characteristics of rivers are as follows:

River hydrological characteristics, that is, the hydrological characteristics of rivers. Including runoff, sediment content, late flood season, freezing period, water energy resources, flow rate and water level.

1. Runoff: The river fed by rainwater depends on the amount of precipitation; The basin area is large and the general flow is large. Runoff variability (both seasonal and inter-annual, with greater variation in river runoff in the monsoon region).

River basin: The catchment area of the river, and the surface is divided by the Machangling Mountains, that is, the watershed.

2. Sediment content: depends on the surface vegetation status in the basin; The undulating condition of the terrain.

3. Flood season: there is a length (determined by the length of the rainy season or the level of temperature). Lingxun: Yes or no (two conditions must be met: there is a freezing period and a section of the river that occurs at lower latitudes to flow to higher latitudes).

4. Freezing period: whether there is or is long (the average temperature of the coldest month).

5. Hydro energy: The amount of water and the undulating terrain determine the size of water energy (the greater the general terrain undulation, the more rapid the water flow, the larger the water volume, the greater the water energy).

6. Flow speed: Xun book is affected by the topography, the short undulating river flow speed is fast, and the long and straight river flow speed is slow.

7. Water level: It is determined by the type of river recharge, and the change of water level is determined by the characteristics of precipitation. The water level of rivers mainly fed by glacial meltwater is determined by the characteristics of temperature, and the water level of rivers recharged by groundwater is relatively stable.

Take a closer look: Hydrological characteristics: River hydrological characteristics are the hydrological characteristics and changes that occur in the river. It mainly includes runoff, water level, sediment content, freezing period, flow rate, water temperature, etc. Methods for describing hydrological characteristics:

1. The idea of describing the hydrological characteristics of the river in general. Then, we start with the "two quantities and two periods": runoff (size, seasonal changes), sediment content (vegetation conditions), flood season (climate: precipitation, temperature), and ice season (Lingxun).

2. The characteristics of the water system are mainly affected by climatic and topographic factors: flow length, river flow direction; watershed area ; Number of tributaries and their morphology ; River network density ; source, injection place, river bend, etc.

3. Other roots need to be described according to the topic. Water level, flow rate, water energy (relative height) and shipping value.

The hydrological characteristics of rivers generally include runoff, sediment content, flood season, ice period, self-purification capacity of water bodies, presence or absence of flooding, flow velocity and land level closure. The hydrological characteristics of outflow rivers generally include the water level, flow, flood season, sediment content, and whether there is a freezing period of the river, and the factors affecting the hydrological characteristics of the river are mainly climatic factors.

Flow: size, seasonal variation, presence or absence of interruptions (depending on precipitation characteristics, rainwater recharge, and river size).

Sediment content: Depends on the vegetation status of the watershed.

Ice period: presence or absence, duration.

Water level: high and low, change characteristics (depending on the type of river recharge, water conservancy projects, lake storage and storage) Hydro energy: related to topography (the size of the river drop, the speed of the flow), climate (the amount of precipitation, the amount of runoff, the amount of evaporation).

Analysis of hydrological characteristics of riversWater level: (depending on the type of river recharge, rivers dominated by rainwater recharge, water level changes are determined by precipitation characteristics; The water level of rivers mainly fed by glacial meltwater is determined by the characteristics of temperature, and the water level of rivers recharged by groundwater is relatively stable.

Runoff: (Rivers fed by rainwater, depending on the amount of precipitation; The basin area is large and the general flow is large.

Watershed: The catchment area of a river, the surface of the land is divided by mountains, that is, watersheds.

Sediment content: (depending on the state of surface vegetation in the basin; The undulating condition of the terrain.

Ice period: presence or duration (average monthly temperature of the coldest month).

Flood season: the length of the rainy season (determined by the length of the rainy season or the temperature of the temperature) Hydro energy: the amount of water and the undulating terrain determine the size of the water (the greater the general terrain undulation, the more rapid the water flow, the larger the amount of water, the greater the water energy. ）

The hydrological characteristics of rivers include river water level, runoff size, seasonal variation of runoff, sediment content, flood season, ice period, water energy resource reserves and river navigation value. The characteristics of the river system mainly include the flow of the river, the flow direction, the area of the basin, the number and form of the tributaries, the density of the river network, the ownership of the water system, and the river channel (the width of the river valley, the depth of the river bed, and the bending coefficient of the river).

The hydrological and hydrological characteristics of a river depend on the topography, climate and human activities within the basin. Human activities have an impact by altering the underlying surface, for example: human deforestation of vegetation will lead to an increase in surface runoff, a steep rise and fall in river levels, a greater sediment content, siltation of river channels, and the uplift of river beds; Planting trees and grasses will reduce surface runoff, reduce the fluctuation of river water levels, and reduce sediment content.

Hardened pavement (cement pavement) will increase surface runoff, and the water level of the river will rise and fall steeply; Laying permeable bricks will reduce surface runoff and increase underground runoff, and the river water level will rise and fall less. The repair of the reservoir can regulate the flow of the river, stabilize the downstream water level, and reduce the sediment content of the downstream river. The reclamation of the lake will weaken the regulating effect of the lake, and the water level will rise and fall sharply.

The characteristics of rivers are the focus of high school geography, and when the comprehensive questions are presented, it is always difficult for students to answer comprehensively.

Easy to mix point dial 1: Hydrological characteristics emphasize the water conditions, and the characteristics of the water system refer to the structure of the catchment channel (the general situation of the river channel from the source to the estuary).

Easy to mix point dial 2: tributary conditions and river network density. The fact that there are many tributaries does not mean that the river network is dense.

Tributaries emphasize the tributaries of a certain river, which eventually flow into the river, and there are many tributaries, which are in a certain shape, such as: dendritic, symmetrically distributed, comb-shaped, mostly distributed in the upper reaches of the river or in mountainous areas. The dense river network refers to a number of rivers, crisscrossed and distributed, mostly distributed in humid and flat areas, such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

The most important thing is to grasp the factors that affect runoff, which can often be presented in the form of a separate test center, and the other is the freezing period, when you interpret that a river has a freezing period, you must see if there will be flooding.

The difference between the hydrological characteristics of a river and the characteristics of a river system is that the hydrological characteristics refer to the characteristics of the river water, while the water system refers to the structure of the river channel.

1. Hydrological characteristics include runoff, sediment content, whether there is a flood season (Lingxun), whether there is a freezing period, whether the water energy resources are abundant, water level, and recharge type (groundwater, rainwater, glacial meltwater, ice and snow meltwater, etc.).

2. The river system generally refers to the structure of the catchment channel. It includes elements such as source, infusion, flow, watershed, tributaries and distribution, and drop-off. It is under this general basic principle that as long as there is water, a river system can be formed, and when there is more water, the water system will be developed.

3. The characteristics of river systems are also closely related to water sources, especially the outflow river systems, which are closely related to precipitation factors in climate. It is even possible that the climate may affect the characteristics of the river system, and then change the topography.

Analysis of hydrological characteristics of rivers

1. Depends on the type of river recharge, and the water level change is determined by the characteristics of precipitation. In rivers mainly fed by glacial meltwater, the change of the coordination position of water forest and drought is determined by the characteristics of temperature, and the water level of rivers mainly recharged by groundwater is relatively stable.

2. Rivers fed by rainwater depend on the amount of precipitation; The basin area is large and the general flow is large. A watershed refers to the catchment area of a river, and the surface of the land is divided by mountains, that is, watersheds.

3. The sediment content depends on the surface vegetation in the basin. The undulating terrain and the flood season are determined by the length of the rainy season or the temperature level. The amount of water and the undulating terrain determine the large amount of water energy, which refers to the small amount of water. The flow rate is affected by the topography, with short and large undulating rivers flowing fast and long and straight rivers flowing slowly.

4. Whether there is an icing period or the length of the icing period (the average monthly temperature of the coldest month). Whether there are ice periods and sections of the river that flow from lower latitudes to higher latitudes.

5. Recharge type: mainly atmospheric precipitation, seasonal glacial snow melt, lake water, groundwater and other types.