We can divide the etiology of abortion diseases into which categories

The definition of epidemiology can be summarized as: the science of studying the distribution of diseases, health conditions and their determinants in a specific population, and studying strategies and measures to prevent and treat diseases and promote health, is an important part of preventive medicine and is the foundation of preventive medicine.

Epidemiology has developed in the course of the ongoing struggle against serious diseases that endanger human health. In the early years, infectious diseases were widely prevalent among the population, which brought great disasters to human beings, and people conducted in-depth epidemiological investigation and research on infectious diseases and took prevention and control measures.

With the gradual control of major infectious diseases, epidemiology has been applied to the study of non-communicable diseases, especially chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant blind pants tumors, diabetes, and injuries and disabilities. In addition, epidemiology is also applied to the study of jujube dust status in promoting healthy populations.

Epidemiology is a scientific tool to study the distribution law and influencing factors of diseases, to clarify the epidemic laws, and to formulate countermeasures and measures for the prevention, control and elimination of diseases. It is an important discipline of preventive medicine.

The methods of "research" include monitoring, observation, hypothesis testing, analytical research, and experiments. "Distribution" involves the analysis of the time, region, and different populations of the population being studied. "Determinants" means all physical, biological, social, cultural and behavioural factors that affect health.

"Health status" includes illness, cause of death, behaviour such as smoking, response to preventive measures, and the provision and use of health services. "Specific populations" refer to those who have certain characteristics, i.e., those that are the focus of the study. "Disease prevention and health promotion" specifies the purpose of epidemiological research – to promote, protect, and restore health.

Epidemiology used to have many definitions.

Investigation of the current situation and disease surveillance can confirm the ** hypothesis.

1) There are two design types of descriptive research and analytical research in the observation method, among which the descriptive study mainly describes the distribution of diseases and health conditions in the population and reveals the epidemic or distribution phenomenon, which mainly includes case-control study and cohort study.

2) The experimental method is mainly to study and evaluate the effect of disease prevention and control interventions, provide clues, put forward hypotheses, ecological research, etc. Analytical studies are mainly to study the factors that affect the distribution. Testing** hypothesis, which includes case reports, epidemiological research methods are divided into three categories: observational, experimental and mathematical methods according to the type of design, and it can be divided into clinical trials and field trials, the latter including individual trials and group trials.

3) The mathematical method is mainly through the study of the distribution and its influencing factors, and the establishment of mathematical models to ** the epidemic trend of diseases and describe the epidemic law of diseases.

Answer] :d epidemiology, commonly known as risk factors, are factors that increase the probability of disease occurrence.

a.There is a factor that causes the disease due to jet lag.

b.Factors that are indispensable for the occurrence of the disease.

c.Biological factors in the pathogenesis of disease.

d.Factors that increase the probability of the occurrence of disease.

e.There are many factors that cause the occurrence of false trust files in the disease.

Correct answer: d

The nature of inferences is varied.

1.Definition and Purpose

Inference is an important task in epidemiology to uncover the cause of disease and the associated causes. Inference is the occurrence of disease in a population by systematically observing and analyzing it to identify possible factors or exposures. It aims to uncover the root causes of the disease and provide a scientific basis for the development of interventions.

2.Observational studies

Observational studies are one of the main methods of inference. Possible inferences are made by looking at the characteristics of the population, the association of exposures, and diseases. Common observational study designs include longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies.

3.Experimental research

Experimental studies also play an important role in inference. Through experimental intervention in the population, the impact on the disease is observed, and the possible ** is inferred. Common experimental study designs include randomized controlled trials and intervention studies.

4.Causal inference

Causal inference is the core content of inference. In epidemiology, causality criteria are used, such as Bayesian causal diagrams and Hill's causal criteria. From these criteria, inferences can be made to determine the degree of causality and consistency.

5.Multivariate analysis

The occurrence of disease often involves the action of multiple factors, so inference requires multivariate analysis. Identify the main factors by controlling and adjusting for potential confounders. Commonly used multivariate analysis methods include logistic regression, covariate analysis, and structural equation modeling.

6.Falsifiability and reproducibility

**Inferred results should be falsifiable and reproducible. Falsifiability means that research results can be verified and disproved to guarantee scientific reliability. Reproducibility requires other investigators to replicate the study in different populations and settings to verify the external validity of the findings.

7.Limitations to be aware of

Inference also has its limitations. Due to ethical, practical and technical constraints, the strongest types of evidence, such as randomized controlled trials, are sometimes not possible. In addition, individual differences and diversity present in the population may also have an impact on inference.

Summary:

Inference is an important work in epidemiology, revealing the root cause of disease through methods such as observational and experimental studies. It requires causal inference, multifactorial analysis, and is divinely falsifiable and reproducible. However, inferences also have their limitations and need to be interpreted and applied with caution.

Answer] :d China's economy has developed in an all-round way and has the ability to conduct comprehensive research in epidemiology. Therefore, epidemiology in China is a science that studies the distribution and influencing factors of diseases and the health status of state leaders in the population, and studies the strategies and measures to prevent diseases and promote the health of the mind.

This question is based on the knowledge points of "basic concepts of epidemiology".

Answer]: The task of epidemiology can be roughly divided into three stages, the first of which is to "reveal the phenomenon", that is, to reveal the phenomenon of epidemic (mainly infectious disease) or distribution (other diseases, injuries and health). The second stage is to "find out the causes, influences or determinants", that is, to find out the laws, causes or influencing factors of epidemics and distributions from the analysis of phenomena.

The third stage is to "provide measures, that is, to make reasonable use of the results of the first two phases to identify strategies and measures for prevention or intervention". Combined with the practice of health management, epidemiology section.

Phases 1, 2 and 3 correspond to "health information collection", "health risk assessment", "health guidance and health risk factors", so choose B.

The analysis of the main quantitative effects of epidemiology for the study of diseases is a research method that links the genogen to the disease;

The epidemiology is mainly based on field investigations, with the aim of obtaining reliable and realistic experimental data.

The main difference between the two is that the analysis of epidemiological norm lumen involves the comparison of groups and the determination of the statistical value of a factor.