What are the four miscellaneous sayings of Han Yu, I have heard many versions, and I want to find th

"Liu Zheng of the Han Dynasty repaired three books", it is said: Liu Bang and Xiang Yu of the Han Dynasty wrote (repaired) three letters (books) when they were fighting for the country.

Han Han Yu.

Liu Liu Zongyuan.

Fight for Zeng Gong.

Wang Wang Anshi.

Xiu Ouyang Xiu.

Three Books (Su) Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe.

Next, you can learn more about their specific situation.

"Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasty" is the collective name of eight famous essayists in the Tang and Song dynasties in China, they are Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty, and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty.

The prose works of these eight writers were originally compiled and published together in the "Eight Gentlemen's Anthology" by Zhu Hou in the early Ming Dynasty, and later Tang Shunzhi also selected the works of these eight Tang and Song writers in the book "Wen Bian". In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the ancient writer Mao Kun sorted out and compiled on the basis of the former, and named it "Tang and Song Dynasty Eight Great Scholars", with a total of 160 volumes. "The Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" got its name from this.

Advocating the works and literary style of the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties had a profound political background in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. The retro school represented by the "first seven sons" and "later seven sons" of the Ming Dynasty monopolized the literary world, proposing that "literature must be Qin and Han, and poetry must flourish in the Tang and Tang dynasties", abandoning the established tradition of literary development since the Tang and Song dynasties in prose creation, and embarking on the road of retro. As a result, some literati and scholars blindly imitated the ancients of the Qin and Han dynasties in their prose creation, and their works became soulless fake antiques.

Among the opposition figures of the Seven Sons before and after appeared were Wang Shenzhong, Tang Shunzhi, Mao Kun, and Gui Youguang, who emphasized that the prose works of Tang and Song writers were models for learning and inheriting the excellent traditions of Qin and Han ancient literature, and should be promoted, and began to compile and publish anthologies of prose by Tang and Song writers.

Because the literary views of these eight writers are relatively close, they all advocate practicality and oppose the style of prose, and their prose creation has achieved high achievements, so once the "Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" was proposed, it was generally accepted by later generations and became a proper noun in the history of literature.

Han Yu - mainly respecting Confucianism and opposing Buddhism, there are "The Original Dao", "On the Table of Buddha's Bones", "Original Nature", "The Teacher Said", etc., and there are essays that ridicule the social status quo "Miscellaneous Sayings", "Obtaining Lin Jie" and the famous sacrificial texts and sacrificial twelve Lang Wen";

Liu Zongyuan -- the fables "The Donkey of Qian" and "The Rat of Yong's Clan"; philosophical treatises include "Non-Chinese", "Zhenfu", "Theory of Seasons", "Theory of Judgment", "Heavenly Sayings", "Heavenly Pairs", Su Xun -- "Theory of Heng", "Theory of Distinguishing Adultery", "Theory of Guan Zhong", "Book of Quan", etc.

Su Shi - there are a lot of words, "Water Tune Song Head", "Huanxi Yarn", "Jiangchengzi", etc.; The essays include "Chibi Fu", "Later Chibi Fu", "Pingwang Treatise", "Liuhou Treatise", "Shizhong Mountain Chronicle" and so on.

Su Zhe - "Treatise on the Six Kingdoms", 84 volumes of "Luancheng Collection", 12 volumes of "Luancheng Edict Collection".

Zeng Gong - "The Book of Shang Ouyang Sheren", "The Book of Shang Cai", "The Preface to the Second Life of Li An", "The Preface to Wang Pingfu's Anthology".

Wang Anshi - "The Story of Wandering Bao Zen Mountain", "Wound Zhongyong", "Answer to Sima's Advice".

Ouyang Xiu - "The Story of the Drunkard Pavilion", "The Cicada Fu", "The Autumn Sound Fu", "The Book of Advice with Gao Si", "The Discussion of the Friends", "The Preface to the Biography of the Lingguan".

I remember learning about him when I was in school.

Miscellaneous is a genre that illustrates a certain truth by making an argument or describing something. Miscellaneous is a sub-section of the classification of ancient books, so that the return to the narration of personnel, and the discussion belongs to it. Miscellaneous can be said to be a kind of discussion, which is the earliest form of essays.

Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the Tang Dynasty Ancient Literature Movement, advocating the study of the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking the loose into scattered, and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. Han Yu's miscellaneous sayings have four articles, namely "Dragon Said", "Medical Said", "Cui Shanjun Biography", and "Ma Said". Introduction to "Miscellaneous":

The Dragon Says was roughly written after the first stool of the "Sending the Poor Text" and the "Explanation of Entering the School", about the nineteenth year of the Zhenyuan Dynasty and the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty. During the past ten years, Han Yuyi has suffered repeated setbacks in his career and is extremely unwilling. The gist of the "Medical Sayings" is to the effect that the treatment of diseases and the treatment of the world are linked, and the two principles are the same.

The biography of Cui Shanjun is to the effect that people are judged by their appearance, and it is better to look at their words and observe the correctness of their deeds. "Ma Shuo" was composed between the 11th and 16th years of Zhenyuan. At that time, Han Yu was very discouraged when he first embarked on his career.

Original] Split number of the world has Bole 1, and then there is Maxima. Maxima often has, but Bole does not often have. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, he was only humiliated by the hands of slaves, and died between stables2, and he is not called a thousand miles.

Those who are thousands of miles away from horses will eat one or all the corns and stones, and those who eat horses will not know that they can eat thousands of miles. It is a horse, although it has the ability of thousands of miles, it is not full of food, and its strength is insufficient, so it is not beautiful, and it is impossible to get it with a regular horse. Asking for a thousand miles?

The strategy is not its way, the food cannot be used to the best of its materials, and the song cannot be understood by its meaning. Persistence said: There are no horses in the world.

Alack! Is it really evil? Do you really not know horses?

Notes] 1 Bole: surnamed Sun, named Yang, a native of the Spring and Autumn Period of Qin Mugong, famous for his good horses. See "Zhuangzi Horseshoe" and "Liezi Shuofu".

2 pian: juxtaposed, together. Death:

Refers to dying of old age with ordinary horses. Trough: A tool for feeding horses.

Stable. Translation] There is Bole in the world, and then there is Maxima. Maxima often exists, but Bole who is good at horses does not often exist. Therefore, although there are good horses, they are only humiliated at the hands of the groom, and they die of old age in the stable with ordinary horses, and they cannot be known for traveling thousands of miles a day.

There are horses that travel thousands of miles a day, and sometimes they have to eat one stone of rice at a meal, and the people who feed the horses do not understand that they can travel thousands of miles a day and feed it like ordinary horses. Such a horse, although it has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, but it is not full of food, its strength is insufficient, and its specialties cannot be expressed, and it is not possible to perform like an ordinary horse, so how can it be required to travel thousands of miles a day? Harness and use it without its characteristics, feed it without feeding it enough, shout at it and drive it away without knowing its mind.

With a whip in his hand, he sighed to it: There is no good horse in the world. Alas!

Is it true that there are no good horses, or do you really not know good horses?

Commentary] This article is the fourth part of "Miscellaneous Sayings", and later generations are also entitled "Ma Shuo". This is a work of allegorical allegory, in which the author uses the fact that the Maxima is not known as a metaphor for the sinking of geniuses and supernatural people, lamenting that the feudal rulers cannot be recognized and appointed. At the same time, he also expressed his thoughts and feelings of being depressed, wronged, and depressed.

Author or source: Han Bi Oak Yu.

The ancient text "Miscellaneous Sayings IV" original hand cheats:

There is Bole, and then there is Maxima. Maxima often has, but Bole does not often have. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it is humiliated by the hands of slaves, and it is not called a thousand miles.

Those who are thousands of miles away from horses will eat or eat a stone. Horse eaters don't know that they can eat thousands of miles. It's a horse, although it has the ability to travel thousands of miles, but it can't be fed enough and its strength is insufficient, so it's not beautiful. And if you want to wait for a horse and so on, you can't get it, and you can ask for it.

The strategy is not its way, the food can not be used to the best of its materials, the song can not understand its meaning, and the policy is coming: There is no horse in the world. Alack! Is it really evil? Do you really not know horses?

Translation] The breath exhaled by the dragon turned into clouds, and the clouds were no more magical than the dragon. But the dragon rode this cloud and could travel freely between heaven and earth, and it approached the sun and the moon, obscuring the light of the sun and the moon, and its induction could shake the thunder and lightning, and the changes were magical, so that the rain fell on the earth and flowed between the valleys. Clouds are also strange and weird!

clouds, dragons can make it supernatural; And a spirit like a dragon can't be made like a cloud. But if the dragon can't get the clouds, it can't make its aura manifest. It's really not okay to lose what it depends on!

Strange! What the dragon relied on turned out to be its own creation. The Book of Changes says, "The clouds follow the dragon." "Since it's called a dragon, the clouds will naturally follow it.

Original text] The dragon shh However, the dragon is qi, the vast ocean is poor and the Xuanjian [2], the sun and the moon are thin [3], the light scene is volcanic [4], the seismic electricity [5], the god changes [6], the underwater soil, and the Huangling Valley [7]. The clouds are also weird!

Clouds, the dragon's power is also a spirit. If the spirit of the dragon is not the power of the clouds, it is also the spirit. However, the dragon is cloudy, there is no god and its spirit, and it is impossible to believe it.

Amazing! What it depends on is what it does. "Yi" said: "Cloud from the dragon." "It is said that the dragon is the cloud.

Notes】 1] sh (xū): blow.

2] Genma: Universe.

3] Thin: Imminent.

4] Volt: Masking.

5] Sense: through "shaking", shaking.

6] God: unpredictable.

7] 汩 (ɡǔ drowned.

Miscellaneous Saying 4: Ma Said (Translation).

There is Bole in the world, and then there is Maxima. Maxima often has, but Bole does not often have. Therefore, even if there are famous horses, they are only humiliated in the hands of servant grooms, and they die in the stables with ordinary horses, and they are not famous for traveling thousands of miles a day.

There is Bole, and then there is Maxima. Maxima often has, but Bole does not often have. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it is only humiliated by the hands of slaves, and it is not called a thousand miles.

Horses that travel thousands of miles a day sometimes eat a stone after eating a meal. The person who feeds the horse does not know that it is capable of traveling thousands of miles in a day without feeding. Therefore, such a horse, although it has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, is not well fed, lacks strength, and its talents and advantages cannot be expressed from the outside.

If you can't do it like an ordinary horse, how can you expect it to be able to travel thousands of miles a day?

Those who are thousands of miles away from horses will eat one or all the corns and stones, and those who eat horses will not know that they can eat thousands of miles. Is it a horse, although it has the ability of thousands of miles, it is not full of food, and its strength is insufficient, so it is not beautiful, and it is impossible to get it with the usual horse, so it can be thousands of miles away?

The horse neighed, but could not understand its meaning, but stood in front of it with the whip in his hand, and said, "There is no maxima in the world!" "Well, is it true that there are no Maxima?

I'm afraid I really don't know Maxima!

The strategy is not its way, the food can not be used to the best of its materials, the song can not understand its meaning, and the policy is coming: There is no horse in the world. "Woohoo, it's really nothing evil? Do you really not know horses?