What affects the temperature of the earth and how does the temperature of the earth occur?

Ozone Junior high school textbooks talk about the greenhouse effect.

1. The lithosphere in the outer layer of the earth is mainly solid rock, and its heat is mainly conducted; The mantle below the lithosphere is a fluid state, and heat transfer is dominated by convection. Geoscientists have calculated that from the surface to the center of the earth, the temperature rises from about 10 to 4,500. Specifically, near the surface, the temperature changes diurnal, seasonal, and multi-year cycles due to the influence of solar radiated heat, and this surface layer is called the thermosphere.

2. Near its lower interface, there is a depth zone about 20 to 30 meters below the surface, and the temperature remains constant all year round, equal to or slightly higher than the local annual average temperature, which is called the normal temperature layer. From the normal temperate zone down to the lower limit of the lithosphere, the temperature rises by 1 for every 30 meters of depth, and when it reaches the lower limit of the lithosphere, that is, nearly 200 kilometers deep, the temperature can rise to more than 1000, close to the melting point of the rock. At the boundary between the Earth's core and mantle, the temperature is about 3700.

At the interface between the inner and outer cores of the Earth's core, the temperature is about 4300.

3. For the earth, the sun's radiation can only cause the "warm ocean" on the earth's surface, and cannot affect the earth's interior. To explore the heat of the Earth's interior, we need to look at the history of the Earth from the formation of the Earth to the present. Earth scientists have found that in the early days of the formation of the earth, the process of various small celestial bodies colliding with each other to form the primitive earth produced a lot of heat, so the temperature of the early earth from the surface to the interior was very high, and the whole earth presented a molten state.

Since then, the earth has gradually cooled, forming a layered structure of the earth's crust, mantle, and core, and although it has been cooled for 4.6 billion years, there is still a lot of heat stored in the earth's interior. In addition to the early Earth heat sources, there are a large number of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's interior, and these radioactive isotopes continue to decay and release heat.

The heat inside the planet comes from the beginning of its formation"Accretion"。The subsequent heat comes from the decay of radioactive elements such as uranium, thorium and potassium. In general, the Earth's temperature gradually increases from the surface to the earth.

However, in the vicinity of the earth's surface, due to the influence of solar radiation, the temperature has diurnal variations, seasonal variations, and multi-year cycles. In the vicinity of its underlying interface, the ground temperature remains constant all year round, equal to or slightly higher than the local annual average temperature, which is called the normothersphere. The temperature that rises for every 100 m of downward deepening below the normal temperature layer is called the geothermal warming rate or geothermal gradient.

At present, the average value of the global measured geothermal flux is that the average value of the continental surface heat flux is basically the same as the average value of the seafloor. Areas where the surface heat flux value or geothermal gradient is significantly higher than the mean or background value are called geothermal anomaly areas.

The Earth's temperature is produced for two reasons:

One reason is from solar radiation. Sunlight has more heat energy, which is transferred to the earth, which is the increase in the temperature of the earth.

One reason is the heat stored in the Earth's interior. The Earth's interior also produces heat.

The earth is divided into three layers, namely the core, mantle and crust, there is a large amount of magma in the interior of the earth, the temperature of these magma is very high, according to the evidence that the internal temperature of the earth we live in is at least 6000 degrees or more.

The reason why the temperature of the Earth's core does not cool for a long time:

In the early days of the earth's formation, the geocentric pressure due to the gravitational pull of the earth's material made the earth's temperature extremely high, leaving the entire earth in a lava state. As the heat is dissipated, the outer layers of the earth form a crust, but the temperature inside is still very high, and the outer shell forms an insulating layer.

Due to the irradiation of the sun and the thermal insulation effect of the atmosphere, the temperature of the earth's surface is much higher than that of the space of the universe. The earth is larger in size and its heat will be retained for a long time.

The decay of a large number of radioactive elements in the Earth's core will release heat, which will keep the Earth's core at a high temperature.

Due to the rotation of the Earth, the solid and liquid inner cores of the Earth are in constant relative motion under the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon. The heat generated by the friction of motion is also one of the reasons why the Earth's core is always hot.