Why is the center of the earth hot, and how to measure its temperature

There are 3 main types of heat in the depths of the earth**:(1) the heat generated when the earth was formed; (2) the heat generated by friction when the core material sinks to the center of the earth; (3) Heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements. The release of the earth's heat takes quite a long time.

This release is achieved by thermal "convection" in the liquid outer core and solid mantle, as well as slower thermal "conduction" within the boundary layer, such as the plates on the Earth's surface. The result is that most of the Earth's original heat is retained.

In short, the earth produced a lot of energy at the beginning of its existence, and because the earth could not cool down quickly, it caused the continuous high temperature in the interior of the earth. In fact, in addition to the fact that the Earth's plates act as a blanket to keep warm, thermal convection in the solid mantle does not provide a mechanism for the efficient release of heat. However, the Earth does release some energy by contributing to plate tectonic movements, especially at mid-ocean ridges.

Scientists mainly use the melting properties of iron at ultra-high pressures to estimate the temperature in the depths of the earth. We know that the Earth's core refers to the part of the Earth that is located between 2,886 km and 6,371 km below the surface and is mainly made of iron. The Earth's core is divided into two parts: a liquid outer core and a solid core.

If we can estimate the melting temperature of iron at the very high pressure of the inner and outer nuclear junction (5156 km above the ground), then the temperature obtained in the laboratory should be close to the actual temperature at this interface. Scientists use lasers and high-voltage devices in mineral physics laboratories to create high pressures and temperatures that are as close to reality as possible.

The experimental results show that the melting temperature of iron in the above state is 4500 K to 7500 K. From this, we can also deduce the temperature at the bottom of the mantle (i.e., the top of the outer core), which is about 3500 K to 5500 K.

The temperature at the center of the earth is very high. According to scientists' estimates, the core temperature of the Earth's interior is about 5,500 degrees Celsius to 6,000 degrees Celsius.

This high temperature is produced by the release of energy during the formation of the earth and the decay of radioactive materials in the earth's interior. However, due to the solid crust and rocks surrounding the Earth's exterior, we often cannot directly feel the heat of the Earth's interior. This high temperature is also one of the main causes of geothermal activity and magma eruptions in the Earth's interior.

As you keep digging deeper into the earth, the temperature keeps rising. From the presence of mines, hot springs, and volcanoes, there must also be a large enough energy source inside the Earth Circle to trigger **.

Due to the gravitational pull of the earth, the pressure generated by the use of objects towards the center of the earth, the further the interior of the earth, the greater the pressure, the matter at the center of the earth, generates heat under high pressure. The radioactive elements in the Earth's interior decay and release a large amount of heat. During the movement of the earth's crust, a huge amount of energy is released to generate heat, and the earth's core is divided into two parts: the inner core and the outer core.

The closer the Earth's interior is to the center of the Earth, the higher the temperature.

The central point of the Earth is located at a depth of 6,000 kilometers underground

The center of the Earth is located 6,000 kilometers underground, even the outer boundary of the Earth's core, and this position is the center point of the Earth. The location of the center point of the earth is known, but it is difficult to explore it, and the current technology does not support the exploration of the center point of the earth.

At the same time, at the center of the earth there is a magical thing, and the orange is the outer core. It exists in the center of the Earth, but it is about the size of Pluto. On top of that, the core is so hard that it's about to catch up with the sun.

We all know that the closer you are to the sun, the higher the temperature will be, and it is the temperature that can be felt. Coincidentally, scientists have found that the main ingredient of this core is iron, and its special composition is the reason for such high heat. The general structure is a square structure centered on the iron atom, which is able to generate pressure and release a large amount of heat.

The temperature at the heart of the earth is 6,000 degrees Celsius.

The reason why the temperature of the earth's center is 6000 degrees Celsius is due to the earth's gravity, and the pressure generated by the use of objects towards the center of the earth, the further the interior of the earth, the greater the pressure, and the matter in the center of the earth generates heat under high pressure; The radioactive elements in the interior of the Earth's void state decay and release a large amount of heat; During the movement of the earth's crust, a huge amount of energy is released to generate heat. The Earth's core is divided into two parts: the inner core and the outer core, and the inner part of the earth gets closer to the center of the earth, the higher the temperature. The center of the earth is the common name for the core of the earth, which refers to the central part of the earth, with a radius of about 3,480 kilometers, mainly composed of iron and nickel elements, and its physical properties are significantly different from the surrounding mantle and crust.

The temperature of the Earth's core is tens of w°.

Volcanic activity around the world, gushing hot springs, and warming of deep mines indicate that there is a huge amount of thermal energy in the earth's interior, which is often referred to as geothermal heat. At present, it is generally believed that the heat of these thermal energy mainly comes from the heat released by the decay of radioactive elements, in addition to the heat of gravity differentiation, tidal friction heat, chemical reaction heat, and the heat of the earth's rotational energy conversion.

It is common for the Earth's surface to turn downward and warm due to geothermal influences. The temperature distribution below the surface can be divided into three layers:

1.Thermotropher.

The surface layer of the earth's crust is obviously affected by solar radiation, and its temperature changes with the seasons, day and night. The depth of influence varies from 1 to 20 to 30 m per day.

2.Thermostatic layer (room temperature layer).

The temperature remains constant all year round, with zero sun influence here and the temperature is comparable to the local average annual temperature. Its depth is 20, 40m. In general, the equator and poles are shallow, and the mid-latitudes and inland areas are deeper.

3.Warming layer.

Below the thermostatic layer, the ground temperature increases with depth. The increase in temperature for each 100m increase in depth is called the geothermal warming rate or geothermal gradient, and its unit is 100m. The geothermal gradient behaves differently in different regions.

For example, in China, it is 2 3 100 m in the North China Plain and 4 100 m in the Lujiang River in Anhui.

This geothermal gradient is only suitable for a depth of 20 km underground. Downward, due to the influence of pressure and density, the temperature will increase more and more slowly. Deeper temperatures are measured by indirect methods.

The temperature is about 1300 km underground; about 2000 at 1000km; about 2700 at 2900km; The temperature at the center of the earth is above 3200, and it may even reach 4000 5000.

The Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago, and in the Earth's interior, the temperature is still very high. Especially in the core of the Earth, where the temperature is comparable to the surface of the Sun, can reach 5500. The heat of the Earth's interior** can be divided into two types, one is the original heat when the Earth was formed, and the other is radioactive heat.

The temperature at the center of the earth is 6600, but it is not measured, but reasonably speculated through the facts that have been discovered and some experiments. The Earth is inaccessible, and it has not been well verified whether the speculation about the center of the earth is correct. From the inside to the outside, the earth is divided into cores.

mantle, and crust in three layers. It is about 3,200 kilometers from the outermost layer of the Earth's core to the center of the Earth, so the surface is not noticeable, and the heat is retained in the Earth's interior.

As the depth increases, the temperature continues to rise, which has been proven in a number of mining and exploration programs for ultra-deep deposits. in South Africa.

In the deepest part of the gold mine, the temperature can easily exceed 50; In the Kola ultra-deep pit project in Russia, the temperature rose to 177 at 9,500 meters underground; The water gushing out of the hot springs can be as high as; Volcanic eruptions.

, it will spew out more than 1,000 degrees of hot magma. All of this can be explained that the interior of the earth is very hot, and the temperature is getting higher and higher as the depth increases.

But there must also be a limit to the temperature inside the earth, and it can't be too high. As the depth of exploration drilling increases, the density of the earth continues to rise, and the density of the rocks reaches a certain point where it does not rise again, and all that remains is the metal element.

Finish. The elemental composition of the earth and the material emitted by magma are speculated to contain large amounts of iron, nickel, sulfur and other elements in the earth's core.

In the laboratory, scientists simulated the high-pressure environment in the interior of the earth and found that with the increase of pressure and temperature, the melting point of iron is rising, through ** waves.

It was also found that the outer layer of the earth's core is liquid and the inner core is solid, taking into account factors such as the elemental composition and pressure of the earth's core.

It is inferred that the temperature of the Earth's core can reach 6600.

Unfortunately, this speculation has not been validated at this time. Scientists had hoped to drop a probe from the crater and let it sink into the Earth's core, but analysis revealed that it would take thousands of years. There are also neutrinos that aspire to penetrate the Earth through observation.

to observe the Earth indirectly, but it seems that no major progress has been made so far.

The Earth's interior, the Earth's core, was made up of liquid substances such as iron and nickel in the early days of the Earth's formation. Among the materials that make up the earth, radioactive elements such as uranium, thorium, potassium 40, and actinium release huge amounts of heat energy in the process of converting them into other materials. The center of the earth is measured by ** waves, and the outside is liquid and the inside is solid.

Combined with the gravitational pull of the earth, we know the elemental composition of the earth's core, and then estimate the pressure of this interface, so that we can also know what kind of temperature the iron will have under such pressure. As a result, the Earth's core is composed of iron-nickel and temperatures in the range of 4000 to 6800. Experiments have confirmed that the temperature rises by 33 per kilometre for every 1 kilometre down from the oil borehole on the surface.

There are rocks from the surface to 200 kilometers underground, so the temperature within 200 kilometers underground has not yet melted the rocks. However, when there is a lot of underground pressure, high temperatures will form that melt the rocks. Despite this, the temperature is only about 2000.

But the temperature cannot be measured 200 kilometers underground. Therefore, the temperature of the center of the earth is estimated from the uranium and thorium content of meteorites and meteorites that fall on the earth. Because the composition of meteorites and meteorites is not much different from the composition of the Earth's interior.

The temperature of the center of the earth is more than 6000, because the temperature of the center of the earth is very high, so after measuring its outer boundary, and then according to the calculation, it is estimated that the temperature of the center of the earth is so high.

It's 6000 degrees Celsius. Very high temperatures, able to melt all substances. This value is calculated according to the formula.

The closer the Earth's interior is to the Earth's core, the hotter it gets, and scientists estimate that the temperature at the Earth's center is about 6,000 degrees Celsius.

The center of the earth, commonly known as the core of the earth, refers to the central part of the earth, with a radius of about 3,480 kilometers, mainly composed of iron and nickel. Its physical properties are distinctly different from the surrounding mantle and crust. Abbreviation for Earth's center of mass.

The origin of the Earth's frame of reference is defined in a common center of mass that includes the solid Earth, the atmosphere, and the oceans. The center of the earth is divided into two parts: the inner heart and the outer center.

At present, it is believed that the core of the earth is mainly composed of iron and nickel elements, the material of the outer core is liquid, and the inner core is now considered by scientists to be a solid structure.

As for what kind of substance is in the depths of the earth and what state it is in, the scientific community still has different opinions, and it is difficult to draw conclusions.

Scientists have made various estimates about the temperature of the Earth's interior based on different bases. The melting point of different rocks and minerals is estimated by high-temperature and high-pressure experiments to estimate the temperature of the earth's mantle. Olivine is an extremely difficult mineral to melt, with a melting point of 2,140 at a pressure of 50,000 atmospheres (equivalent to a depth of 160 kilometers).

This corresponds to the maximum temperature at a depth of 160 kilometers underground. Based on the temperature at which basalt is formed, the maximum temperature is about 1,300 at a depth of 100 kilometers underground, and at a depth of 2,000 at a depth of 300 kilometers. The temperature of the Earth's core is estimated based on the melting point of iron and other factors, and the temperature of the Earth's core boundary does not exceed 4000, and the temperature of the Earth's core does not exceed 5000.

What is the temperature distribution deep underground? How hot is the Earth's core? At the moment one can only assume and speculate.

About 4300

The earth's core is divided into two parts: the inland core and the foreign core. The closer the Earth's interior is to the Earth's core, the higher the temperature, and the temperature gradient near the Earth's center point cannot be extrapolated to a depth of tens of kilometers. The mechanism of heat transfer deep underground is extremely complex, and the theory of heat conduction often fails to give reliable results in estimating the temperature distribution in the Earth's interior.

But based on other geophysical phenomena, the temperature at certain specific depths of the Earth's interior can be estimated. Here are the results:

At a depth of 100 km, the temperature is close to the melting point of the rock, which is about 1100 1200;

At depths of 400 km and 650 km, the rocks undergo phase changes at temperatures of about 1500 and 1900 °C, respectively.

At the core mantle boundary, the temperature is above the melting point of iron, but below the melting point of mantle matter, about 3700;

At the boundary between the outer core and the inner core, the depth is 5,100 kilometers, and the temperature is about 4,300 meters, which is estimated to be about the same temperature in the center of the Earth.