What are the characteristics of the stomata on the leaves and what do they do

The stomata on the leaves are the respiratory system of the plant.

During the day, when exposed to sunlight, it inhales carbon dioxide.

release of oxygen; At night, like animals, they breathe oxygen and release carbon dioxide, so don't put flower pots indoors at night, as it will compete with us for oxygen.

Absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

The stomata are a cavity surrounded by guard cells that are born in pairs, and its wonder is that it can automatically open and close When the stomata are opened, the water in the leaf absorbs heat and becomes water vapor, which diffuses into the outside air through the stomata Therefore, the stomata are the "gateway" for the plant body to transpire and lose water, and it is also the "window" for the plant body to exchange gas with the outside world

During the day, photosynthesis is greater than respiration, and the gas lost through the stomata is oxygen; However, by noon, due to the high temperature, the transpiration of the plant body is strengthened, and more and more water vapor begins to appear in the gas lost from the stomata Therefore, the gases that enter the leaves from the leaf stomata during the day are mainly carbon dioxide, and the gases that are lost into the atmosphere from the leaf stomata are oxygen and water vapor

At night, plants mainly carry out respiration and transpiration, and the gas that enters the leaves of the plant body from the leaf stomata is mainly oxygen, and the gas that is lost from the leaf stomata to the atmosphere is water vapor

So the answer is: stomata; guard cells; Carbon dioxide; Oxygen

1. Stomata are the "gateway" of plant transpiration and water loss, and also the "window" of gas exchange. It is a cavity surrounded by a pair of half-moon-shaped cells, guard cells. The wonderful thing is that the shape of the guard cells can be adjusted, and the stomata can be both open and closed.

When the sun rises, the stomata slowly open and air rushes into the stomata to provide carbon dioxide for the organic matter produced by the leaves. Of course, water is also lost through the pores. When night falls, leaf production stops, most of the stomata shrink or close, and transpiration wanes.

2. Leaves need a lot of water and inorganic salts to produce tense substances during the day, and transpiration can drive the absorption and upward transportation of water and inorganic salts by the plant body, and continuously deliver raw materials to the leaves.

3. Guard cells are different from other cells: their cell wall thickness is uneven, and it is not easy to stretch because of the thickness of the outer wall of the stomatal cavity; The inner wall of the dorsal cavity is thin and easy to stretch. When the cell absorbs water and expands, the inner wall stretches and elongates, pulling the outer wall to concave inward, causing the stomata to open; When cells lose water and contract, both the inner and outer walls straighten, closing the stomata.

There are more stomata in the lower epidermis than in the upper epidermis in order to reduce water loss.

As the "gateway" of transpiration and water loss of the plant body, the stomata are also the channel for gas exchange between the plant body and the outside world.

The upper epidermis of the leaves is exposed to direct sunlight and the temperature is higher than that of the lower epidermis, so the water in the leaves is easily lost from the stomata of the upper epidermis, and it is easy to lose water. If too much water evaporates, the plant will wilt or even die, so more stomata in the lower epidermis can reduce water loss.

However, in the case of aquatic plants, the number of stomata on the leaves of the plant is more than that of the lower epidermis, because their leaves float on the surface of the water, and the stomata of the lower epidermis are blocked by water and cannot transpire.

Prevents moisture loss.

Plant leaves are often exposed to sunlight and transpiration, and in order to prevent plants from losing water too quickly, part of the stomata of the leaves must be closed. The upper epidermis of plants is more susceptible to strong transpiration due to strong light irradiation, while the lower surface is weaker to transpiration at first.

Since plant cells need respiration and photosynthesis, and gas exchange is also carried out through stomata, part of the stomata must be opened, so there are more stomata in the lower epidermis of the leaves.

Yes, generally speaking, there are more pores on the backlit surface than on the glossy side.