In the 21st century, China is facing opportunities and challenges

Since the beginning of the 21 st century, the profound changes that have taken place in international relations since the beginning of the new century are continuing, and the international situation has maintained a trend of overall peace, relaxation, and stability, but local wars, turmoil, and tensions have intensified.

The multipolarization of the world and economic globalization have developed in depth, the impact of the international post-financial crisis era continues to emerge, global issues such as climate change, energy resources, and public health security have become prominent, and international and regional hot issues have emerged one after another.

Ten major trends in the future international economic landscapeFirst, the global economy will be in a period of low-speed growth.

Second, the multipolarization of the global economic pattern will become more obvious.

Third, the transformation of production methods driven by the new technological revolution will reshape the global industrial division of labor.

Fourth, the international ** will present digital, service-oriented, and block-based development.

Fifth, there is a new trend in the formulation of cross-border investment rules, and global cross-border investment will rise amid fluctuations.

Sixth, the aging of the global population is accelerating, and the middle-income group in developing countries will surpass that of developed countries.

7. Green development will become an important orientation for all countries to formulate development strategies.

8. The global energy structure and pattern will change profoundly.

9. The overall situation of global food security will improve.

10. The international financial center will be diversified.

The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that in the 21 st century, the international situation still takes peace and development as the theme of the times, and the trend of multipolarization in the world has not changed. On the whole, the international environment facing China is characterized by more opportunities than challenges, and this has provided favorable external conditions for the reform and development of various undertakings.

1. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the basic situation of the development of the international situation at present and in the coming period is:

1. General peace, local war.

2. Overall relaxation and local tension.

3. Overall stability and local turmoil.

Analysis: At present, the international situation is undergoing complex and profound changes. Overall peace, local war, overall relaxation, partial tension, overall stability, and local turmoil will be the basic situation of the international situation in the coming period, and will also be a concrete description of peace and development.

Peace and development remain the main themes of our time. Maintaining peace and promoting development have a bearing on the interests of the people of all countries, are the common aspirations of the people of all countries, and are also an irresistible historical trend.

Second, the current situation of the international situation:

1. "One theme": peace and development are still the theme of the times;

2. "Two major public hazards": hegemonism and terrorism;

3. "Three Situations": overall relaxation and local tension, overall stability and local turmoil, overall peace and local conflict;

4. "Four trends": world multipolarization, economic globalization, diversification of development models, and democratization of international relations.

5. Specifically, the following five characteristics are presented:

a new imbalance in the international balance of power; The development of science and technology has become a decisive force in international competition; The turbulent situation in local areas is difficult to reverse in the short term; The turbulent situation in local areas is difficult to reverse in the short term; The deep-seated effects of the international financial crisis continue to be felt.

In the 21st century, China's modernization process will inevitably encounter the following six basic challenges:

1) The pressure of the three peaks of population (i.e., the total population, the total number of employed people, and the total number of elderly population). The country's food security problems, solving the problem of labor and employment opportunities, improving the social security system, and a series of problems in the aging society are all facing huge challenges.

2) Unconventional use of energy and natural resources. Between now and 2050, we will achieve zero growth in the rate of resource and energy consumption, that is, to achieve a dynamic balance of land resources, a balance of forest resources, a constant consumption of water resources, a constant consumption of energy and a constant consumption of mineral resources. The energy structure should gradually reduce the proportion of coal to less than 50%.

These are necessary measures to reverse the extraordinary use of energy and resources.

3) Accelerate the reversal of the right-hand side of the U-shaped curve of the ecological environment. The quality of China's ecological environment has not yet shaken off the state of partial improvement and overall deterioration. In the 21st century, it is necessary to quickly reverse the situation that the quality of the ecological environment is still on the left side of the "environmental Kuznets inverted U-shaped curve", and accelerate the passage of the critical apex and turn to the right side of the inverted U-shaped curve of the overall improvement of the ecological environment.

4) Troubles in implementing urbanization strategies. One of the hallmarks of modernization is the level of urbanization of the country. By 2050, China's urbanization rate should increase from the current 36% to more than 75%.

This means that only an average increase of almost 1 percent per year in urbanization will meet the requirements of modernization. At this rate, more than 10 million people from rural areas will be converted into urban population every year, which will certainly put tremendous pressure on society as a whole.

5) Accelerate the balance of inter-regional development and gradually achieve common prosperity. One of the basic elements of the country's modernization is to achieve fairness in the social wide land. Comrades have always been concerned about the important goal of common prosperity.

In the 21 st century, how to achieve a balance in the development of regions and ultimately achieve common prosperity is a long-term and important task that cannot be slackened.

6) The rapid advancement of the national informatization process and the cultivation of scientific and technological competitiveness. Under the tide of economic globalization, the overall level of informatization of a country is one of the basic indicators of a country's comprehensive strength and international competitiveness. At present, China's level of informationization is only about 5 percent of that of developed countries, and there is still a long way to go before the requirements of modernization; therefore, rapidly advancing the country's level of informationization in the 21 st century and striving to cultivate scientific and technological competitiveness is another serious task facing modernization.

The essence of all these challenges is urging the overall subject of "how to accelerate the realization of the goal of national modernization". These challenges, which have become serious constraints to China's future development, can only be effectively overcome in the process of realizing national modernization.

What major changes have taken place in the international situation.

Opportunities:1Relatively peaceful or moderate domestic and international environments.

2.Political stability.

Challenge:1from neighboring countries.

2.from developed countries.

3.from oneself.