How can I make silage? How to feed silage?

Answer: Harvest at the right time. The storage of corn stalks depends on the maturity of the seeds, the proportion of green and yellow leaves, and the number of days of corn growth.

The silage of sweet potato seedlings should be cut before frost and potatoes should be produced after frost. Dry properly. If the moisture content of the silage material after harvest is high, it can be properly spread in the field for 2 6 hours to reduce the moisture content to 65% to 70%.

Transport. After harvesting, the silage raw materials should be transported to the straw site in time, if the interval is too long, it is easy to lose more nutrients. Cut short.

After the raw materials are transported, they should be cut short with a straw machine in time, 1 2 cm of green corn stalks, 2 4 cm of fresh sweet potato seedlings and alfalfa grass. Cellaring. The shortened silage raw materials should be loaded into the silage cellar in time, and the method of compacting while cutting short and loading the cellar can be adopted.

When loading the cellar, every 20 40 cm should be stepped on, especially pay attention to the surrounding and corners of the silage cellar. If there are more than 2 kinds of raw materials mixed with silage, the shortened raw materials should be mixed evenly and packed into the cellar. At the same time, check whether the moisture content of the raw materials is appropriate.

Cap. After the silage is filled, it is necessary to continue to fill the raw material until the raw material is 40 to 60 cm above the edge of the cellar, then cover it with a whole piece of plastic film, and then cover it with a layer of wet wheat straw or straw 5 10 cm thick, and finally compact it with soil, the thickness of the soil is 30 40 cm, and the surface is smoothed, and the top of the cellar is raised into the shape of a steamed bun.

The straw is crushed with a grinder and stacked in a fermentation tank and fully compacted. Sprinkle sealing: Sprinkle water on the surface, keep the humidity at 70%, and then cover it with plastic film to seal.

The process of making silage: harvesting, chopping, adding additives, bagging and storage.

Harvesting] Raw materials should be harvested at the right time, and the purpose of feed production is to obtain the most nutrients. Harvested too early, the raw material contains more water and digests nutrients.

Few; Harvesting too late increases the cellulose content, poor palatability, and reduced digestibility.

Corn stover harvesting: Whole corn stover silage, generally harvested at the maturity stage of corn seed milk. After harvesting the ears of corn stalks, generally when the corn cob wax is ripe to 70% complete, the leaves have not yet withered yellow or the base of the corn stem 1-2 leaves begin to wither and yellow immediately pick the corn cob, and the corn cob will be harvested to make silage on the day of picking the corn cob.

Harvesting of forage grasses: Leguminous forages are generally mowed and silage from budding to the beginning of flowering; Poaceous forages are generally mowed with silage from booting to heading; Sweet potato vines and potato stems and leaves are generally harvested 1-2 days before harvesting or before frost. After harvesting, young pasture grass or weeds can be cooled for 3-4 hours (south) or 1-2 hours (north) after silage, or mixed with corn stalks.

Chopping] In order to facilitate bagging and storage, the raw materials must be shredded before the straw silage of corn stalks, string leaf pine grass straw or chicory must be chopped to about 1-2 long, and the silage can be compacted. Grasses and vines are soft, easy to compact, cut short to about 3-5 silage, the effect is better.

Add additives] Additives are added immediately after the raw materials are chopped, and the purpose is to allow the raw materials to ferment quickly. 2-3% sugar, formic acid (3-4 formic acid with 85% content per ton of silage raw material), amylase and cellulase, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and other ammonium compounds can be added.

Filling and storage] can usually be done in plastic bags and cellars. Before cellaring, lay 10-15 cm thick straw on the bottom in order to absorb the sap. The four walls of the cellar are covered with plastic film to prevent water leakage and breathability, and the installation should be steady, which can be rolled by a bulldozer, and tamped by manpower, until it is about 60 cm above the edge of the cellar, and it can be capped.

When capping, a layer of cut straw is first laid, and then a layer of plastic film is added, and then covered with soil and compacted. Dig a drainage ditch 1 meter away from the cellar around the perimeter to prevent rainwater from flowing in. When there are cracks in the roof of the cellar, cover the soil in time to prevent air and water leakage.

The bag mouth must be opened, and each bag of silage raw materials is packed into a special plastic bag, pressed by hand and pressed tightly with feet, until it is filled to about 30 from the bag mouth, and then pumping, sealing, and tightening the bag mouth.

First of all. To prevent the occurrence of inferior silage, the identification method of silage is as follows: after opening the cellar, go deep into the silage cellar 20 cm, take out part of the silage, and judge it according to its color, smell and texture.

Good quality silage is green or yellowish green in color and shiny. The smell is aromatic, with a sour taste of wine, which gives a sense of comfort. The texture structure is moist and compact, but it is easy to separate, and the stems and leaves of the flowers remain in their original shape.

There are two types of low-quality silage: one type of low-quality silage is rancid silage. This kind of silage has a lack of acidity, has a pronounced rancid smell and a pungent feeling, is mostly dark green, has a high water content, and feels sticky and slippery when touched by hand; Another type of low-quality silage is coking silage, which has a burnt and musty taste, is brown, has little moisture content, has poor palatability, and has very low nutritional value.

In addition, it is recommended that farmers should pay attention to the following points when feeding their livestock with fermented feed:

1) Hunger guidance method: when the livestock has not eaten or is on an empty stomach, take a small amount of fermented feed to feed, and then feed other feed. (2) Mix and match.

After mixing a small amount of fermented feed with concentrate feed, the mixed feed is fed first, and the concentrate feed is fed. (3) Odor induction method. You can place the fermented feed at the bottom of the trough and slowly de-incubate it to get the livestock used to the smell of the fermented feed.

4) Gradual domestication. There is a process for everything, and the same goes for feeding, gradually increase the stirred feed from less to more, and remember not to feed too much at the beginning.

After 40-50 days of silage production, it can be used immediately, and high-quality silage should be, yellow-green in color, soft and juicy, sour and fragrant in smell, and good palatability. The use of silage should start from the leeward end, gradually to the other side, from top to bottom layers, do not fully open, it is strictly forbidden to dig holes to take grass, and minimize the contact surface with the air. After taking it should be covered, to prevent sun, rain and secondary fermentation, the silage taken out in winter should be placed in the barn to prevent freezing, and in summer it should be fed while taking to prevent mildew and deterioration.

Moldy and spoiled rotten grass should not be fed to livestock, and should not be thrown near the cellar after being taken out, and should be sent to the manure pile in time to make fertilizer. The amount of silage should depend on the breed, age, use and quality of the silage, except for high-yielding dairy cows, it can generally be used as the only roughage, but care should be taken not to feed too much to cause diarrhea. There is a gradual process of starting and stopping feeding.

Usually fed 20-30 kg for dairy cows, 10-15 kg for service cattle, 5-12 kg for breeding bulls and beef cattle. Growing beef cattle from 3 to 6 months of age after weaning can be fed 5-10 kg of silage per head per day, 10-15 kg at 6-12 months of age, and 15-20 kg of silage from 12 to 18 months of age. In addition, hay and concentrate should be given to balance the nutrients.

Silage is so popular that it is stored for green fodder and fed when there is no green fodder.

Its production principle is to use lactic acid bacteria fermentation to produce a large amount of lactic acid, reduce the pH value, make the feed acidic, thereby inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, and protecting the nutritional value of green fodder.

The method is to chop the raw materials that need silage, such as whole corn, straw, alfalfa or other pasture, and then put it in a container (cement pool, etc.), compact, and seal tightly.

The key operations in making silage are chopping, compacting, and sealing, and the tighter the seal, the better the quality of the silage. Make silage quickly, otherwise the feed will start to rot before you can seal it.

Is it a whole corn plant or a straw? Pay attention to semi-drying, cutting, compaction, and airtightness to succeed.

Silage is a kind of microbial fermentation method that mainly uses the growth and reproduction of microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria in nature, and produces lactic acid through closed anoxic fermentation of green fodder, thereby inhibiting the activity of molds and enabling green fodder to be preserved for a long time. Silage can effectively preserve nutrients such as vitamins and proteins in straw green feed, and also increase a certain amount of lactic acid and bacterial protein that can be used by livestock and poultry, as well as a certain aromatic taste, which increases the palatability and nutrition of straw feed.

Principle of fermentation: the green straw with a moisture content of 55 65 is kneaded into a filament, and the baler is used to bale the film under closed and anoxic conditions, through the synergistic fermentation of anaerobic lactic acid bacteria, aerobic feeding bacteria and beneficial fungi, the carbon dioxide produced creates an anaerobic environment, and the lactic acid secreted makes the feed weakly acidic (pH value, which can effectively inhibit the growth of other microorganisms and inhibit the reproduction of various miscellaneous bacteria, and finally, the beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria are inhibited by their own metabolites, and the fermentation process is gradually stopped, The feed enters a stable storage period. There is almost no loss of nutrients throughout the fermentation process.

Silage is sour and fragrant, soft and juicy, palatable, nutritious, and conducive to long-term preservation, and is an excellent feed for livestock.

The silage method is to use the lactic acid bacteria existing in the green feed to ferment the feed under anaerobic conditions, so that part of the sugar source in the feed is converted into lactic acid, so that the pH value of the silage is reduced to the following, so as to inhibit the reproduction and growth of other aerobic microorganisms such as molds and spoilage bacteria, so as to achieve the purpose of long-term storage of green feed.

The key to the success or failure of silage is whether it can meet the four conditions for the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria: anaerobic environment (oxygen oxidizes the feed, aerobic microorganisms such as molds, spoilage bacteria, etc. multiply and spoilage), sufficient sugar in the raw materials, and appropriate water content, all three are indispensable. Also, pay attention to the temperature.

The ways to make silage include silage towers, kilns, trenches, piles, bags, etc., which can be selected according to your actual situation.

The silage production method is as follows: 1) Raw materials: Whole plant corn:

Planting special silage corn, the yield per mu can reach 5000-6000 kg, and the corn ears grow to the late stage of milk maturity or the early stage of wax maturity harvest. Corn stalk: When the corn ears are ripe and only 1-2 leaves of the corn stalk are yellow, they are immediately harvested for silage.

Sweet potato vines: Harvest before frost or 1-2 days before harvesting. Poaceous forage:

Such as imperial bamboo grass, Sudan grass, etc. 2) Silage cellar construction: silage cellars have various forms, including rectangular and circular cellars; There are underground, semi-underground and above-ground cellars; There are also earthen cellars and permanent cellars.

Our county should use underground rectangular permanent cellars as well. The size of the silage cellar depends on the number of livestock raised and the amount of raw materials. 3) Silage Method:

It is necessary to achieve five links: immediate harvesting, transportation, shortening, loading and sealing. Chop the raw materials 3-5 cm, and after a layer of dry straw is padded at the bottom, then load them layer by layer, each layer is 20-30 cm thick, and step on it until it is filled with more than 150 cm beyond the mouth of the cellar, forming a convex dome with a high middle and a bottom around the periphery. First cover it with a thicker plastic film, then spread a layer of 5-10 cm thick hay on the film, and finally cover the grass with soil 30-50 cm.

In the future, it is necessary to check frequently, and when sinking and cracks are found, the soil should be covered and compacted in time to prevent air leakage and water leakage. After 40 days, it can be opened from a corner of the cellar, and if it is green or yellow-green, it can be used when there is a sour smell. After each reclaim, quickly cover the plastic film to prevent deterioration.