When did Mandarin come into existence? Who invented it?

Mandarin was present at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and the word was used by scholar Wu Rulun.

Invented. The term "Mandarin" appeared as early as the end of the Qing Dynasty. In 1902, scholar Wu Rulun went to Japan to investigate, and the Japanese suggested to him that China should implement Chinese language education to unify the language. The name "Mandarin" was mentioned in the conversation.

In 1904, Qiu Jin, a modern female revolutionary.

When I was studying in Japan, I organized a "speech meeting" with students studying in Japan, and drew up a brochure in which the name "Mandarin" appeared.

In 1906, Zhu Wenxiong, a scholar who studied phonetic characters, wrote in "Jiangsu New Alphabet".

In the book, he divides the Chinese language into "Guowen" (文言文), "Mandarin" and "Vulgar Language" (dialect), and he not only proposes the name of "Mandarin", but also clearly defines "Mandarin": "the common language of all provinces." ”

Phonological characteristics of Mandarin

The syllables are simple in structure and loud in sound. In Mandarin, a syllable has a maximum of 4 phonemes.

Among them, the vowels with loud sounds are predominant, and they are an indispensable component of general syllables.

Several vowels (up to three) can appear in a single syllable, such as "bad (huài)", and there are no compound consonants in Mandarin syllables, that is, there are no consonants connected together like "lightning" in English and "meet)" in Russian.

The syllables are clearly defined and have a strong sense of rhythm. Chinese syllables are generally composed of initials.

The finals and tones are composed of three parts, the initials are in front, the finals are immediately behind, and then there is a tone that runs through the entire syllable, and there is a distinct syllabic boundary. From the perspective of phonemic analysis, consonants and vowels appear at intervals and at regular intervals, giving the impression of repeating the cycle, so it is very easy to syncopate syllables.

It has always been there in ancient times, and it may have been invented by Qin Shi Huang.

It has existed since ancient times, and it is only a standard of speech, easy to be understood, and it was invented by Henan people.

Mandarin in the broad sense has a history of at least 3,000 years, and Mandarin in the narrow sense has a history of at least 300 years (in 1728, the Yongzheng Dynasty adopted Beijing dialect as the official language).

History of Mandarin.

According to research and historical data, the origin of Putonghua can be traced back to the emergence of the common language of the Han nationality, but this is only a basis for the formation of Putonghua, and the common language of the Han nationality after the founding of New China is called Putonghua, and it is also the common language of the 56 ethnic groups in China.

The common language of the Chinese nation is the common language used to communicate within the Chinese nation, and it is one of the main symbols to identify an independent nation.

1) The common language of the Chinese nation.

1.Yayan.

Since ancient times, Chinese has had dialects, as well as a common language. The common language of the Han nationality was produced in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in ancient times at the latest. At that time, the common language of the ethnic group was called "Yayan", which was mainly popular in the Yellow River Valley, and the language of China's first poetry collection "Book of Songs" was Yayan.

According to historical records, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius called the common language Yayan. The birthplace of Confucius is said to be from Shandong in terms of the current geographical location. Confucius had more than 3,000 disciples from all over the country at that time, and there were also dialects in ancient times, and students from all over the world spoke their own dialects.

Because there was a common language called Yayan at that time, Confucius used Yayan when he was lecturing, so there was no obstacle to communication. This common language called "Yayan" is the origin of Mandarin.

Because Mandarin is based on Beijing pronunciation.

Mandarin, i.e. Standard Chinese.

At about half-past seven, I was embarrassed by my own people.

We all know that Mandarin is based on the northern dialect, and that's right. Do you know how Mandarin came about? What kind of changes have you experienced? I'll give you one by one.

According to records, modern Mandarin originated from the Hakka dialect of the Central Plains of the Han and Tang dynasties. On this basis, it also inherited the "official dialect" system of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Nanjing's official dialect is a model of Ya language, so it is highly regarded.

After Zhu Yuanzhang established the capital in Nanjing, Nanjing official dialect became the official language. But there are still two levels of written and spoken language. At that time, Jianghuai official dialect and modern Mandarin were basically in the same vein in the initials and finals, but Jianghuai dialect did not have a warped tongue sound, but it contained a large number of inomalactic words, which modern people may not be able to understand.

As early as 1,000 years ago in the Liaojin Dynasty, with the continuous integration of the northern ethnic minorities and the Han nationality, the prototype of "Beijing dialect" gradually appeared. Ming Chengzu Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing, and a large number of ** moved north, and then nearly 300 years later, Jianghuai official dialect and Beijing dialect continued to integrate. In 1644 AD, the Qing soldiers entered the customs, the Manchu accent was close to the Northeast native language, and the Manchu nobles and the Han ** communication was very difficult, and they also needed to use body language, which was very funny.

So Emperor Kangxi ordered all Manchus to learn to speak Chinese, but the Manchus couldn't speak the sound of the tongue, so they had to let the Manchus who spoke broken Chinese go down to the provinces to promote the broken Manchu Beijing dialect throughout the country. Now the pronunciation of Beijing dialect, as well as cards and nonsense, are all influenced by Manchu.

In 1728, Kangxi established the Zhengyin Library, and Beijing dialect was upgraded to the official language of the Qing court. It is also the predecessor of modern Mandarin. However, there was no word for "Mandarin" at the time of the quarrel, and the word "Mandarin" was first proposed by Zhu Wenxiong in 1906, and later Qu Qiubai and others also put forward the term "Mandarin" and argued with Mao Dun about the actual meaning of Mandarin.

Through the vernacular movement, the popular language movement, and the Chinese language movement since May Fourth, the status of Beijing's voice has been established and consolidated. In 1909, the Qing court named the Beijing dialect Chinese. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in 1953, Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province was the main Mandarin standardized pronunciation collection place, as the national lingua franca, and was promoted to the whole country in 1956.

This is the well-known Mandarin.

Now the penetration rate of Mandarin has reached more than 80 percent, which greatly facilitates our communication. Although there are still some people in remote areas who do not speak Mandarin, it is believed that it will reach everyone in the near future.

1.Putonghua is the common language of the modern Han people, and it is the language used by the modern Han people to communicate. It is called Chinese in Taiwan, Mandarin in Singapore and Malaysia, and Mandarin in Chinese mainland.

It is based on the northern dialect, with Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation and modern Chinese vernacular as the linguistic standard.

2.Dialect is the local language of each place, and it is the regional branch of the common language of the modern Han people. It is not an independent language alongside Mandarin, but a low-level form of language that belongs to the common language of the same nation.

Language is the most important means of transportation for human beings. However, there are still serious dialect differences in Chinese, which bring inconvenience to people's interactions, so a common language that can be used throughout the country is needed, which is Mandarin.

3.Putonghua is the common language of the modern Han nationality and the common language of all ethnic groups in the country. Mandarin is based on Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norm.

Dialect is the language of the people in a certain region, and having regional characteristics is an important feature of dialects.

China has a large population and is more complex, so it is impossible to understand the dialect partition processing and analysis. According to the distribution of modern popularity, modern Chinese dialects can be divided into seven dialect areas. Namely, the northern dialects (official dialects), the Wu dialects, the Hunan dialects, the Gan dialects, the Hakka dialects, the Min dialects, and the Cantonese dialects.

4.The dialect originated from tribal and tribal languages, and is a variant of the Chinese language. The formation of dialects is the result of a lack of communication between underdeveloped regions.

Now, the more underdeveloped the region, the more varieties of dialects tend to be. There are about 3,500 languages spoken in the world, and 1,140 in Africa.

5.Dialect itself is also a culture and a complex. Within a certain geographical range, dialects can continue to play a role in enhancing nostalgia and family affection, and in the field of art, they can continue to play a role in the prosperity of folk culture. Dialects have considerable use value.

But after all, Mandarin was developed on the basis of dialects, which is higher than dialects. The phonemes of Mandarin are more complete, and they are deployed with four tones, with a strong sense of rhythm and character, and the vocabulary and idioms of Mandarin are unprecedentedly rich, and they are more expressive. If you sing in Mandarin and dialect respectively, or recite prose and poetry, or read *** statements, the appeal and effect are obviously different.

Hello dear, <>

The origin of Putonghua" The name "Putonghua" was proposed by Zhu Wenxiong, an activist of the "Phonetic Cutting Movement" in the last years of the Qing Dynasty. In 1926, he wrote a book called "Jiangsu New Alphabet", which divided the Chinese language into three categories, one of which was Mandarin. He also noted:

Mandarin is "the common language of all provinces". At that time, people also called "Mandarin" as "Lanqing Mandarin". Since the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Beijing has been the political, economic and cultural center of the country.

There are many people from all over the world who go to Beijing to take exams, become officials, and do business, and over time, they have also learned Mandarin, but their Beijing dialect is mixed with local accents, and people use "Lan Qing" as a metaphor ("Lan Qing" is not pure).