The principle of artificial bone, the development direction of artificial bone of artificial bone

Nano artificial bone (NB series nanocrystalline collagen-based bone material) is a key project supported by the national "863" and "973", and is a new type of bone material invented by Professor Cui Fuzhai's research group on the basis of many years of research on the hierarchical structure and biomineralization process of human bone callus and embryonic bone. The biggest difference between it and the original traditional artificial bone material is that the repaired bone is exactly the same as human bone, leaving no implant in the body. It imitates the mechanism of human bone formation, and uses the self-assembly method to prepare nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite or collagen composite biological hard tissue repair materials, so that the composite materials have nano-level natural bone hierarchical structure and natural bone porous structure.

The nano artificial bone implant can be completely absorbed into the human body after a few months, and the whole process is free of any immune and rejection reactions. Moreover, the properties of this material make it easy for doctors to operate and are comparable to other types of bone repair materials.

In addition to being used for lumbar spine fixation and bone healing after lumbar spinal decompression surgery, nano artificial bone is widely used, such as fractures caused by trauma, bone defects caused by trauma and infection, bone misconnection or malunion healing, as well as bone tumors and other bone lesions, and even osteoporosis, nano artificial bone can be implanted to help heal and improve bone hardness.

With the development of tissue engineering, the development of artificial bone will mainly solve the following problems: the development of bioactive substances and their rapid and stable in vitro culture proliferation; the biomechanical strength, degradation rate and affinity of the matrix material with biologically active substances; Through the joint efforts of bioengineering researchers and statisticians, the best combination of the three types of artificial bone was selected and its proportional relationship was determined. The controlled-release system is introduced into the matrix material, so that various growth factors loaded by the matrix material can be quantified and continuously released to bioactive cells, which is conducive to the growth and differentiation of cells. Transfection of bone marrow stromal cells with BMP gene or BFGF shows strong osteogenic ability.

For bone defects caused by infection or tumor osteotomy, the clinical efficacy is better if the matrix material can be quantified and the corresponding antibiotics or neoplastic drugs can be continuously released. In summary, the preparation of artificial bone should take into account the advantages and disadvantages of bioactive substances and matrix materials, introduce a suitable growth factor, combine it into composite materials through reasonable methods, simulate the natural bone matrix components, and contain the best growth factor controlled release system to promote the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bioactive substances, and exert its best osteogenic ability.